2. Sub-Sahara Africa Geography Landscapes

3. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Africa

4. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 What am I? A hot, dry region where little rain falls A hot, dry region where little rain falls

5. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Deserts

6. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Deserts A well-known desert in Africa is the Sahara Desert. A well-known desert in Africa is the Sahara Desert. It is the 2 nd world’s largest desert and covers most of the northernmost countries of Africa. It stretches from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. It is the 2 nd world’s largest desert and covers most of the northernmost countries of Africa. It stretches from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. The Sahara has many different types of landforms that include mountain ranges, rivers (e.g., Nile, Niger and Senegel Rivers), ergs, oasis and lakes. The Sahara has many different types of landforms that include mountain ranges, rivers (e.g., Nile, Niger and Senegel Rivers), ergs, oasis and lakes. How do they compare to the Great Basin, Mojave and Sonoran Deserts in the United States? How do they compare to the Great Basin, Mojave and Sonoran Deserts in the United States? How do people adapt to mainly living in a area with a hot climate and with little or no rain? How do people adapt to mainly living in a area with a hot climate and with little or no rain?

7. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 What am I ? A grassy plain with scattered trees. A grassy plain with scattered trees. It has two seasons: dry and wet. It has two seasons: dry and wet. During the dry season it is very difficult to farm in this area. During the dry season it is very difficult to farm in this area. During the wet season, the region is green and farmers plant their crops. During the wet season, the region is green and farmers plant their crops.

8. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Tropical Savannas

9. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Tropical Savannas During the rainy season, farmers grow tomatoes, corn, onions, okra, peanuts, and yams. During the rainy season, farmers grow tomatoes, corn, onions, okra, peanuts, and yams. On large plantations, the type of crops grown are rubber, cacao, palm oil, and coffee. On large plantations, the type of crops grown are rubber, cacao, palm oil, and coffee. Why do you think that the lives of the people, who live in the savanna, are difficult? Why do you think that the lives of the people, who live in the savanna, are difficult?

10. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 What am I ? Tall trees that are green and grow close to each other all year long. Tall trees that are green and grow close to each other all year long. It rains nearly all of the time. It rains nearly all of the time. Many species of plants and animals come from areas such as these found in Africa. Many species of plants and animals come from areas such as these found in Africa.

11. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Rainforests

12. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Rainforests The rain forest in West and Central Africa is one of the largest rain forests in the world. The rain forest in West and Central Africa is one of the largest rain forests in the world. It has a big Congo Basin that includes the Congo River. It has a big Congo Basin that includes the Congo River. The Congo River is the second longest river, after the Nile. The Congo River is the second longest river, after the Nile. What are some of the types of plants, trees and other animal species found in the rain forest? What are some of the types of plants, trees and other animal species found in the rain forest? How does the rain forest impact the lives of the people who live and work in the rain forest? How does the rain forest impact the lives of the people who live and work in the rain forest?

13. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 What am I ? A high, mostly flat area that rises above the surrounding land. A high, mostly flat area that rises above the surrounding land. One or more sides has a steep slope. One or more sides has a steep slope.

14. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Plateaus

15. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Plateaus East and Southern Africa have unique landscapes. East and Southern Africa have unique landscapes. Land away from the coastal areas are mountains and plateaus. Land away from the coastal areas are mountains and plateaus. Plateaus are located in the African rift that is part of the Great Rift Valley that extends about 3, 500 miles. In some areas, the width of the valley is about 40 miles. Plateaus are located in the African rift that is part of the Great Rift Valley that extends about 3, 500 miles. In some areas, the width of the valley is about 40 miles. Geologists and scientists who study the Earth and its rocks and minerals, claim that millions of years ago, the Earth’s crust became so thin and fragile that huge rocks fell into the cracks on Earth and magma surfaced to seal the cracks; forming a huge rift or valley. Geologists and scientists who study the Earth and its rocks and minerals, claim that millions of years ago, the Earth’s crust became so thin and fragile that huge rocks fell into the cracks on Earth and magma surfaced to seal the cracks; forming a huge rift or valley. The Great Rift Valley is very fertile because of the volcanic soil of the plateaus, stretch along the huge rift. The Great Rift Valley is very fertile because of the volcanic soil of the plateaus, stretch along the huge rift. How has the African rift formation, of landform patterns on Earth, created barriers among people in the past and present? How has the African rift formation, of landform patterns on Earth, created barriers among people in the past and present?

16. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 What am I ? (exclude the mountains on the background) Area of flat or gently rolling low land Area of flat or gently rolling low land

17. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Plains

18. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Plains As the plateaus have formed various geographical features, over time, the plains on top of these plateaus, have attracted large numbers of animals such as zebras, giraffes, and antelopes. As the plateaus have formed various geographical features, over time, the plains on top of these plateaus, have attracted large numbers of animals such as zebras, giraffes, and antelopes. These animals or herds are often preyed on by leopards and lions. These animals or herds are often preyed on by leopards and lions. How are some herds of animals, in some parts of these plains, protected from human hunters? How are some herds of animals, in some parts of these plains, protected from human hunters?

19. © 20089 TESCCC 6 th Grade Social Studies, Unit 5, Lesson 1 Need a ride across the Sahara Desert?

20. Geologists are wondering why the deserts are growing. Over grazing and farming are probable answers.

21. In an effort to adapt to land becoming desert land, farmers are planting tomatoes, corn, and peanuts in the tropical savannas. People are also moving to cities for additional economic opportunities.

22. The Great Rift valley is a result of seismic activity.

23. Apartheid was a time in African history when racial groups were separated and racial discrimination was legal. This was widely accepted by the colonial governors.

24. Nelson Mandela was jailed for fighting against apartheid.

25. In the past South African citizens were not permitted to participate in government, but today because of the work of people like Mandela South Africans are not excluded in government participation any longer.

26. Pan-Africanism is an on-going effort to bring African nations together as a strong unit.

27. The Six Pillars of Character were created to effect behavioral change.

28. Much of Africa was ruled in a autocratic way. Autocratic government is a government ruled by a single person with no laws limiting his / her powers.

29. African farmers have learned to plant ___, ____, and ____ in tropical savannas to survive because their land is fast becoming desert.

30. The ____ _____ agreed with the policy of apartheid.

31. Over the years Bantu speakers eventually moved from their homelands and settled in ____ and ____ Africa.

32. ____ settlers brought to East Africa the idea of privately owned land.

33. The longest river in Africa is the _____ River.

34. Trade using the ____ ____ is the greatest factor that resulted in cultural diffusion in North Africa.

35. West Africa is so culturally diverse because there are at least ___ countries and ____ of ethnic groups.

36. Early civilizations of Africa were great trading empires. They were usually located along ____.

37. Lack of ____ is a probable reason that Africans have made fewer modifications to their environment than Americans and Europeans.