1. National Institute of Economic and Social Research Immigration after Brexit Jonathan Portes October 2016 Twitter: @jdportes www.niesr.ac.uk www.niesr.ac.uk

2. Three topics Prospects for migration flows in the short term Transitional issues for EU citizens already here The parameters of a new system All this covered in much greater detail in my forthcoming paper, “Immigration and Brexit”, in the National Institute Economic Review, published November 1.

3. The turning point? Gross inflows, 000’s

4. Why do I expect migration to fall? May have peaked anyway: –impact of 2014 opening (to Bulgaria/Romania) fading –euro area labour market recovery Slowing UK economy and labour market Exchange rate impacts Psychological: “Brexit shock” We hope to be publishing new quantitative analysis in December

5. Major change in composition of UK workforce and population

6. Transitional issues for resident EU citizens No easy way to identify eligibility: not just a questions of picking a cut-off date: –No population register –No comprehensive database of entries and exits Possible options –National Insurance numbers –“Light-touch” version of existing process Whatever approach is chose will be problematic: –Long period of uncertainty: tough for individuals, bad for business –Hard cases either side of the line –Resource implications

7. Parameters of a new system Spectrum of options (running from “hard” to “soft” Brexit) non-discrimination/equalisation light-touch (eg high overall quota or “emergency brake” + benefit restrictions) Intermediate options: quotas + other restrictions, sector-specific schemes Also overall choice between “liberal” & “restrictive”/”open” and “closed”

8. Impacts and key points Ending free movement is not about border control! Almost any plausible outcome will: –Reduce flows of both skilled and unskilled workers –Increase regulatory burdens on business –Increase bureaucracy/size of the state –Increase illegal working Economic damage will depend on how “closed” new system is

9. National Institute of Economic and Social Research Immigration after Brexit Jonathan Portes October 2016 Twitter: @jdportes www.niesr.ac.uk www.niesr.ac.uk