1. For the last time…. Anyone who’s new…. ‘google’ my name, find the course web site, read the syllabus, and check the “Daily Assignments’

2. Sacred Music in New England Calvinist beliefs predominate cf. St. Augustine’s dilemma over music Emphasis on simplicity, practical & functional music, performable by amateurs Sing only Psalms (why?) = Psalmody Earliest (c. 1620s-30s) – sung by memory Unison (monophonic) singing Limited number of tunes (transferable)

3. “Old Hundred” Westminster Abbey Choir - Old 100 th Westminster Abbey Choir - Old 100 th (begins 0:30)

4. Bay Psalm Book 1 st book printed in N.A. 1640 w/ multiple editions into next century Replaces Ainsworth (1612) and Sternhold & Hopkins (1562) Psalters (brought from England) NO music Words in regular verse

5. Psalm 23 (Bay Psalm Book)

6. Psalm 23: v. 1-6 (KJV) 1.The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want. 2.He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters. 3.He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. 4.Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. 5.Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies: thou anointest my head with oil; my cup runneth over. 6.Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life: and I will dwell in the house of the Lord for ever.

7. Standard Metrical Patterns C.M. (Common Meter) L.M. (Long Meter) S.M. (Short Meter) P.M. (Peculiar Meter) H.M. (Hallelujah Meter) And many others….. Check top of hymnals 8 6 8 6 8 8 8 8 6 6 8 6 (what it says) 6 6 6 6 8 8

8. “Regular Singing” vs. “Old Way” Argument develops c. early 18 th century Aural/Oral vs. Music Reading “Lining Out” – led by deacon/precentor - Lined-out Hymnody: Kentucky Old Regular Baptists Sing "Guide me, O Thou Great Jehovah. 1993 - Amazing Grace_by Old Regular Baptist - American Music: A Discussion on "Lining Out“Lined-out Hymnody: Kentucky Old Regular Baptists Sing "Guide me, O Thou Great Jehovah. 1993Amazing Grace_by Old Regular BaptistAmerican Music: A Discussion on "Lining Out“ Need for instruction (Cotton Mather, 1721) “Singing Schools”

9. Tufts and Walters Thomas Walter, The Grounds and Rules of Musick, Explained (Boston, 1721) Walter-The Grounds and Rules.pdf Walter-The Grounds and Rules.pdf

10. William Billlings (1746-1800) Singing School Master, Composer, etc. The New-England Psalm-Singer, or American Chorister (Boston, 1770) [Textbook, p. 35] - 1 st collection of entirely American works - theory, instructions, and music “Nature is the best Dictator, for all the hard dry studied Rules that ever was prescribed will not enable any Person to form an Air…without a Genius…Nature must inspire the Thought.”

11. Billings Examples Wake Ev'ry Breath [title page of NEPS] RoundWake Ev'ry Breath When Jesus Wept (1768) - William Billings (from The New England Psalm-Singer)When Jesus Wept (1768) - William Billings (from The New England Psalm-Singer) William Billings - The Continental Harmony - Creation [1794] Anthem w/ fuging sectionWilliam Billings - The Continental Harmony - Creation I am the rose of Sharon (1778), by William Billings (1746--1800) – YouTube AnthemI am the rose of Sharon (1778), by William Billings (1746--1800) – YouTube

12. Chester (1770) Chester by William Billings Chester by William Billings [verses 1 & 5] American Revolutionary Song:Chester - William Billings [all 5 verses] American Revolutionary Song:Chester - William Billings