1. 1 Lesson 3: Power, External, & Internal Force Dr. Michael J. Pierson Exit

2. 2 All organizations need the following elements to be successful. Exit

3. 3 + Plan & vision + Value added work to do + Followers + Leaders = Success Exit

4. 4 Why Do Organizations Fail? l Members will not follow or mindlessly follow (yes people). l No leadership. l No value-added work to do. l No plan or vision. Exit

5. 5 Let’s focus on leadership. Exit

6. 6 What are our three leadership options? Exit

7. 7 1. Use The Iron Rule l It is the brutish ideology of might makes right. l Alexander the Great used this model to conquer the world in 12 years. l Julius Caesar also used this model to conquer nations. l It is power-based leadership. Exit

8. 8Darwin In the Decent of Man (1871), Darwin gave respectability to the Iron Rule by calling it natural selection or survival of the fittest. Exit

9. 9 Hitler Hitler applied this model to develop a plan for a master race. Exit

10. 10 2. Use The Silver Rule l What you do not wish done to you, do not do it to others. l Hillel said “What is hateful to yourself, do to no other.” Hillel l Isocrates & Epictetus (Greek philosophers) taught it. Isocrates Epictetus Isocrates Epictetus Exit

11. 11 l It is a negative rule. l You can’t steal because you wouldn’t want it to happen to you. l Leaders who use this rule are internally focused. Exit

12. 12 We need a new type of leader. We need one that uses a different rule. Exit

13. 13 3. Use The Golden Rule l Jesus inaugurated a new model. l “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” l This is a positive rule. l It is focused on others (externally) rather than on yourself (internally). Exit

14. 14 We Need Servant Leaders l They move people noncoercively (without force) toward goals that are in the best interest of the group. l They serve the needs of their followers. Exit

15. 15 What do servant leaders need? Exit

16. 16 Exit

17. 17 Leaders can gain power from two sources … Exit

18. 18 Organizations and people! Exit

19. 19 Legitimate Power Legitimate Power Converts to Someone The Authority To LeadGive Organizations Exit

20. 20 Legitimate Power Is Not Fixed Quantitatively l It grows with relationships. l It dies when nobody follows or when relationships are not maintained. l Organizations fail when members don’t follow. Exit

21. 21 Power To Leaders Power To Leaders Give People People Give Power To Leaders! Exit

22. 22 Why Do People Give Power To Leaders? l Relationships (who they know). l Skill (what they can do). l Knowledge (what they know). l Accomplishments (what they have done). Exit

23. 23 People Give Force Can generate Power to Leaders Power to Leaders Organizations Give Generally... Exit

24. 24 l In compliance with the laws of physics, force is required for movement. l Power is not force; power generates force. l How force is used in leadership is an ethical question. ExitForce

25. 25 There are two types of force: External & internal. Exit

26. 26 What Is The Reaction To External Force? l Generally, we bristle. l We accept it, if our goals are in common. l We resist it, if our goals aren’t in common or if we don’t respect the leader. Exit

27. 27 l Over time, people can become dependent upon it. l More and more force may be required to create movement. Exit

28. 28 Robots Are The Result Of Dependence On External Force Force Exit

29. 29 Pull Types Of External Force Push People People are moved either by pushing or pulling. Exit

30. 30 Normally, How Does A Leader Get People To Move? With External Force People Exit

31. 31 Resistance Is The Normal Reaction To Force With External Force People Resistance Exit

32. 32 BigPush To Get Movement, A Push Must Be Larger Than The Resistance People People Resistance Little Push The Iron rule focuses on increasing force to overcome resistance. Exit

33. 33 Examples Of Pulling? Exit l Encouraging. l Training. l Coaching/mentoring. l Providing examples. l Making rules. PULL

34. 34 Puller’s Goals Puller’s Goals Movement is generally aligned with the force vector. A Pulling Force Has Limited Directionality Problems Pull People Exit

35. 35 Let’s review the results of pushing & pulling! Exit

36. 36 If you have a string Push Pushing a string yieldsdirectionalityproblems Pull Conclusion? Pulling is better! Exit

37. 37 What Happens When We Stop Pulling Or Pushing? Push Pull There Is no movement! Exit

38. 38 Followers Have Become Robots! They need the deployment of force Exit

39. 39 Is there a better way to lead? INTERNAL FORCE Exit

40. 40 Types Of Internal Force People Resistance Motivation Exit

41. 41 There is a direct relationship between internal force & the maturity of the followers. Exit

42. 42 The Relationship Looks Like... Internal Force Maturity Exit

43. 43 As the maturity of the followers increases, a leader can utilize more internal force to create movement. Exit

44. 44 There is also an indirect relationship between external force & the maturity of the followers. Exit

45. 45 The Relationship Looks Like... External Force Maturity Exit

46. 46 As the maturity of the followers decreases, a leader should utilize more external force to create movement. Exit

47. 47 The leader must know the maturity level of the followers in order to know the amount or kind of force needed for movement. The leader must know the maturity level of the followers in order to know the amount or kind of force needed for movement. Exit

48. 48 If followers are mature enough a leader can… Exit

49. 49 Resistance 1. Reduce Internal Resistance Resistance Followers Exit

50. 50 2. Convert & Align Resistance Frommisalignment & lots of force... Followers Motivation To alignment & little, if any, force! Things get easier when force vectors are aligned & resistance is converted to motivation. Followers Resistance Exit

51. 51 3. Increase Motivation Followers Motivation Exit

52. 52 Exit There are four ways to reduce resistance, align forces, & increase motivation.

53. 53 1. Reduce The Amount Of Change & Make It Incremental New Behavior More distance & less time equals more resistance to new behavior. Old Behavior Exit

54. 54 l Moving people from old behavior patterns to new behavior patterns requires small changes over time. l Don’t try to make all the changes at once. l A process can be changed quickly, but people can’t. l Ethical consideration must be given to the use of power and force in changing people. Exit

55. 55 2. Create A Situation That Illustrates The Need Need Followers are more receptive to leadership in the presence of a compelling perceived need. Perceived Not perceived Exit

56. 56 Ethical leaders do not create myths and present them as needs in order to justify change. Exit

57. 57 3. Establish An Expectancy Expectancy Moves Followers Exit Expectancy creates a context for followers.

58. 58 4. Build Consensus Toward A Common Goal Through The Process Of Negotiation Exit Consensus creates support in an organization.

59. 59 5. Delegate & Empower Followers To Make Decisions Exit Giving power to others drives fear out of the environment.

60. 60 Characteristics Of A Servant Leader l They reduce resistance more frequently than pulling followers. l They generally do not push. l They align forces. l They convert resistance to motivation. Exit

61. 61 What Are The Characteristics Of A Follower? l Acquiesce to the needs of the group. l Commitment to the task/work. l Commitment to the goals/vision. Exit

62. 62 Can we build a leadership model based on the concepts we have covered? Exit

63. 63 LEADERSHIP AccomplishmentsKnowledgeRelationshipsSkill Power External ForceInternal Force Resistance Followership Exit

64. 64 1. You can move people without force. 2. Force comes from power. 3. There is a direct relationship between maturity & external force. 4. Motivation is the natural reaction to external force. 5. Servant leadership is focused on the needs of followers. Directions: Read each question & click on “T” (true) or “F” (false). T T F F TF TF TF Exit What Have You Learned?

65. 65 6. People give power to leaders because of their relationships, skills, knowledge, & accomplishments. Directions: Read each question & click on “T” (true) or “F” (false). TF Exit

66. 66 Assignments l Use PowerPoint to develop a concept map of Lesson 3 and e-mail it to your professor. l Read the introduction and Chapters 1 & 6 of The Abilene Paradox. Exit

67. 67 Your answer was correct! Return

68. 68 Your answer was incorrect! Please review the material. Return

69. 69 Your answer was correct! Return

70. 70 Your answer was incorrect! Please review the material. Return

71. 71 Isocrates l Greek philosopher who lived from 436 to 338 B. C. l Isocrates viewed education as a means to better the world. l His teachings were based in traditional moral values. Return

72. 72Epictetus l Greek philosopher born AD 55 & died AD 135. l He believed that all human beings were free & should live in harmony with nature. Return

73. 73 l Hillel the Elder lived from 70 BC to 10 AD. l He was a prominent rabbi and teacher in Jerusalem. l He emphasized living by ethical norms, humility, & concern for humanity. ReturnHillel