1.  Don’t forget to put your phone in the appropriate pocket  Pick up your Quiz Answer Sheet  Pick up graded papers  Have your homework ready – Chapter 4  Be sure they have your name, class period, and are stapled  DO NOT look at the quiz until I start the timer

2.  As states and empires increased in size and contacts between regions multiplied, religious and cultural systems were transformed. Religions and belief systems provided a bond among the people and an ethical code to live by. These shared beliefs also influenced and reinforced political, economic, and occupational stratification. Religious and political authority often merged as rulers (some of whom were considered divine) used religion, along with military and legal structures, to justify their rule and ensure its continuation. Religions and belief systems could also generate conflict, partly because beliefs and practices varied greatly within and among societies.

3.  B. The core beliefs outlined in the Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the Vedic religions — later known as Hinduism — which contributed to the development of the social and political roles of a caste system and in the importance of multiple manifestations of Brahma to promote teachings about reincarnation.

4.  A. The core beliefs about desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment preached by the historic Buddha and recorded by his followers into sutras and other scriptures were, in part, a reaction to the Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia. Buddhism changed over time as it spread throughout Asia — first through the support of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, and then through the efforts of missionaries and merchants, and the establishment of educational institutions to promote its core teachings.

5.  The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously there had been competing states. Examples of key states and empires (be able to identify locations on a world map)  Southwest Asia: Persian Empires  East Asia: Qin and Han Empire  South Asia: Maurya and Gupta Empires  Mediterranean region: Phoenicia and its colonies, Greek city- states and colonies, and Hellenistic and Roman Empires

6. Indus R.V.C. 3300- 2000 bce Vedic Age 1500 – 500 bce Mauryan Dynasty 324-184 bce Gupta Dynasty 240-550 ad Muslim Rule 1206… Foundational Period Classical Period

7.  The history and development of India is governed by the – Geography ▪ Mountains ▪ Rivers ▪ Coastline ▪ Global Location

8. spices gold & ivory rice & wheat horses cotton goods silks

9. Ancient Civilization in India 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE Indus River Valley - Mohenjo-Daro - Harappa

10. Citadel: [root--city] Fortress protecting a town, usually surrounding the central, economic center. Mohenjo-Daro – 1 st known citadel

11. The Great Bath Water Well

12. Grainery A Main Street Bison Seal Pottery

13. A Priest-King Male Head Necklace

14. Female Figures, Harappa Bull Figurine

15. Happan Civilization Public Water Well Drain

16. Burial Pottery, Harappa Harappan Writing Undecipherable to date.

17.  Written in 196 bc  Found in 1799  Soldiers in Napoleon's army discovered the Rosetta Stone while digging the foundations of an addition to a fort near the town of el- Rashid (Rosetta).  Greek, Demotic, Hieroglyphic

18. Male Skeleton, Harappa

19. Female Skeleton with Child, Harappa

20. Established the foundations for Hinduism

21. The Vedas  1200 BCE-600 BCE.  written in SANSKRIT.  Rig Veda   oldest work.  Hindu core beliefs:  hymns and poems.  religious prayers.  lists of the gods and goddesses.

22. Sanskrit writing

23. Varna (Social Hierarchy)Shudras Artisans Workers Vaishyas Kshatriyas Pariahs  Untouchables Brahmins Priests, Teachers & Intellectuals Warriors, Kings, Police & government Business People Farmers, Herders, Merchants Laborers: Farm workers, servants, “CASTE SYSTEM”

24. Social Structure Patriarchal Women were legally minors Women under control of fathers, husbands and sons Caste system Officially outlawed late 20 th cent. Officially outlawed late 20 th cent. ingrained culture ingrained culture

25. Aryan Migration

26.  Maurya (324 bce)  – large area  Gupta (240 bce) – Smaller than previous dynasties – Greater stability – Astronomy, mathematics (decimals), medicine – Fell to Huns ~535ce  Hellenes  Alexander The Great  Kushans  Aryans

28. Gupta Art Greatly influenced Southeast Asian art & architecture.

29. Chandragupta : 321 BCE-298 BCE  Unified northern India [after Alexander the Great’s invasion]  Divided his empire into provinces, And districts for tax assessments and law enforcement.  He feared assassination - food tasters, etc.  301 BCE  gave up his throne to follow Jainism.

30. Asoka (273 bce)  Grandson of Chandra Gupta  Built extensive roads, hospitals,  Religious conversion after a bloody battle in 262 BCE.  how to balance methods of keeping power and Buddha’s demands to become a selfless person?

31. Asoka’s law code  Edicts scattered in more than 30 places in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan.  Written mostly in Sanskrit,  Each pillar [stupa] is 40’-50’ high.  Buddhist principles dominate his laws.

32. Medicine Literature Mathematics Astronomy Printed medicinal guides 1000 diseases classified Plastic Surgery C-sections performed Inoculations 500 healing plants identified Decimal System Concept of Zero PI = 3.1416 Kalidasa Solar Calendar The earth is round Gupta India Gupta Achievements

33. The Decline of the Guptas Invasion of the Huns in the 4c (300’s) signaled the end of the Gupta Golden Age.