1. SUBNETTING

2. 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0
Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 22 – 2
= 4 – 2
= 2 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

3. If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 2 (Continued…)
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
192
128 64 64
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – x
Valid Subnets – x

4. 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0
Example – 3
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 25 – 2
= 32 – 2
= 30 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 23 – 2
= 8 – 2
= 6 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

5. If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 3 (Continued…)
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
248
128 64 32 16 8 8
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

6. 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0
Example – 4
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 22 – 2
= 4 – 2
= 2 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

7. If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 4 (Continued…)
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
62 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
252
128 64 32 16 8 4 4
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

8. 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0
Example – 5
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 27 – 2
= 128 – 2
= 126 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 21 – 2
= 2 – 2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet
In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 7 host bit to network bit.
HELP

9. 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0
Example – 6
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 28 – 2
= 256 – 2
= 254 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 20 – 2
= 0 – 2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet
In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 8 host bit to network bit.
HELP

10. Requirement of Hosts is 40 ? Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 26 – 2  40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 64 – 2
= 62 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 22 – 2
= 4 – 2
= 2 Subnet
HELP

11. If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 1 (Continued…)
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
192
128 64 64
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – x
Valid Subnets – x

12. Requirement of Hosts is 2 ? Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 22 – 2  2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 4 – 2
= 2 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
HELP

13. x x Example – 2 (Continued…) Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 255. 255.
252
128 64 32 16 8 4 4
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

14. 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0/29
Cisco / Notation
Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : /29
Extra Network Bits = 29 – 24 = 5
Put n value = 5
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 25 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 32 – 2
= 30 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 23 – 2
= 8 – 2
= 6 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

15. If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 1 (Continued…)
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
248
128 64 32 16 8 8
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

16. 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0/28
Cisco / Notation
Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : /28
Extra Network Bits = 28 – 24 = 4
Put n value = 4
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 24 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 16 – 2
= 14 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 24 – 2
= 16 – 2
= 14 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

17. If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 2 (Continued…)
If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits
14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
240
128 64 32 16 16
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

18. Requirement of Networks is 2 ? Example – 1
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B :
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet
= 22 – 2  2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 4 – 2
= 2 Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 214 – 2
= – 2
= Hosts/Subnet
HELP

19. If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 1 (Continued…)
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
2 Subnet & Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
192.
128 64 64
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – x
Valid Subnets – x

20. Requirement of Hosts is 126 ? Example – 2
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B :
No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 27 – 2  126 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 128 – 2
= 126 Hosts/Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 29 – 2
= 512 – 2
= 510 Subnet
HELP

21. If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 2 (Continued…)
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
128
128
128
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

22. 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0/22
Cisco / Notation
Example – 3
Class B : N.N.H.H
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : /22
Extra Network Bits = 22 – 16 = 6
Put n value = 6
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 26 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 210 – 2
= 1024 – 2
= 1022 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

23. If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 3 (Continued…)
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
252.
128 64 32 16 8 4 4
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

24. Requirement of Networks is 500 ? Example – 1
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A :
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet
= 29 – 2  500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 512 – 2
= 510 Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 215 – 2
= – 2
= Hosts/Subnet
HELP

25. If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 1 (Continued…)
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
510 Subnet & Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
128.
128
128
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

26. Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ? Example – 2
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A :
No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 218 – 2  (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= – 2
= Hosts/Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 26 – 2
= 64 – 2
= 62 Subnet
HELP

27. If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 2 (Continued…)
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
62 Subnet & Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
252. 0.
128 64 32 16 8 4 4
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

28. 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 10.0.0.0/20
Cisco / Notation
Example – 3
Class A : N.H.H.H
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : /20
Extra Network Bits = 20 – 8 = 12
Put n value = 12
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2
= 212 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 4096 – 2
= 4094 Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 212 – 2
= 4096 – 2
= 4094 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

29. If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits
Example – 3 (Continued…)
If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits
4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
240.
128 64 32 16 16
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – x
Valid Subnets – – x

30. VLSM
Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length Subnet Mask
VLSMs provide the capability to include more than one subnet mask within a major network

31. Scenario
ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC
ZOOM Technologies – /24
– MCSE
– CISCO
– FIREWALL
– SOLARIS
– TRAINING
Administrator wants inter-department communication should not be possible ?
What is best the solution ?
Answer : You will go for FLSM i.e. Subnetting

32. Scenario (…continued)
Now we are also having sub departments
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING

33. Scenario (…continued)
Now we are also having sub departments
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING

34. Scenario (…continued)
Administrator does not want inter-department communication in the sub departments ?
Answer : You will use the subnet range to further divide it into smaller ranges, this time its Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM.

35. 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0
Calculation of FLSM
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet
= 23 – 2  5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)
= 8 – 2
= 6 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 25 – 2
= 32 – 2
= 30 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

36. If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits
FLSM (Continued…)
If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits
6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
224
128 64 32 32
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID x
Valid Subnets x

37. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING
– 1.63/27
– 1.95/27
– 1.127/27
– 1.159/27
– 1.191/27

38. Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Subnet
= 2n  Req. of Subnet
= 21  2
= 2
= 2 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 24 – 2
= 16 – 2
= 14 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

39. If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit
VLSM (Continued…)
If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit
2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
240
128 64 32 16 16
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – –
Valid Subnets

40. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING
– 1.63/27
– 1.127/27
– 1.159/27
– 1.191/27
– 1.95/27
– 1.79/28
– 1.95/28

41. Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Subnet
= 2n  Req. of Subnet
= 23  5
= 8
= 8 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 22 – 2
= 4 – 2
= 2 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

42. If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit
VLSM (Continued…)
If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit
8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
252
128 64 32 16 8 4 4
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – – – – – –
Valid Subnets

43. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING
– 1.63/27
– 1.127/27
– 1.159/27
– 1.191/27
– 1.95/27
– 1.79/28
– 1.95/28
– 1.99/30
– 1.103/30
– 1.107/30
– 1.111/30
– 1.115/30

44. Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept.
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Subnet
= 2n  Req. of Subnet
= 22  3
= 4
= 4 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
No. of Host
= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 23 – 2
= 8 – 2
= 6 Hosts/Subnet
HELP

45. If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit
VLSM (Continued…)
If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit
4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask
Subnet Range to to to to
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
255.
248
128 64 32 16 8 8
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – –
Valid Subnets

46. Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies
– MCSE
– CISCO
– Ccna
– Ccnp
– FIREWALL
– ISA
– Checkpoint
– Net SQ
– Clavister
– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS
– Linux
– Unix
– Solaris
– TRAINING
– 1.63/27
– 1.127/27
– 1.159/27
– 1.191/27
– 1.95/27
– 1.79/28
– 1.95/28
– 1.99/30
– 1.103/30
– 1.107/30
– 1.111/30
– 1.115/30
– 1.135/29
– 1.143/29
– 1.51/29

47. VSNL ROUTER /24
1.64/28
1.79/28
1.96/30
1.100/30
1.104/30
1.108/30
1.112/30
1.32/27
1.64/27
1.96/27
1.128/27
1.160/27
1.128/29
1.136/29
1.144/29

48. CIDR
Classless Inter Domain Routing
It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting
Combining of Multiple Networks to Single Networks
Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits
i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s
Generally design for Class C networks
Easier Summarization
It is also known as Supernetting

49. VSNL ROUTER /24
1.64/28
1.79/28
1.96/30
1.100/30
1.104/30
1.108/30
1.112/30
1.32/27
1.64/27
1.96/27
1.128/27
1.160/27
1.128/29
1.136/29
1.144/29

50. Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ? Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 210 – 2  1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= 1024 – 2
= 1022 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP

51. Example – 1 (Continued…)
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
252.
128 64 32 16 8 4 4
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – –
Valid Subnets – –

52. Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ? Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C :
No. of Host
= 2h – 2  Req. of Host
= 214 – 2  (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
= – 2
= Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP

53. Example – 2 (Continued…)
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
192.
128 64 64
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – –

54. Example – 1 (Continued…)
Customize Subnet Mask =
255.
255.
252.
128 64 32 16 8 4 4
Range of Networks
Network ID Broadcast ID – – – –
Valid Subnets – –

55. THE END

56. Power table
POWER TABLE
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128
28 = 256
29 = 512
210 = 1024
211 = 2048
212 = 4096
213 = 8192
214 = 16384
215 = 32768
216 = 65536
217 =
218 =
219 =
220 =
221 =
222 =
223 =
224 =
225 =
226 =
227 =
228 =
229 =
230 =
231 =
232 =