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Published byClaude Hill Modified over 8 years ago
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Chapter 14: To Punish or Forgive
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Section 1: “ With Malice Towards None”
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Punish or Forgive “War Between the States” “War of Rebellion” Southerners Rebels Traitors Brothers Americans
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Debt Paid Southern Casualties - 250,000 Economy Ruined - land, agriculture Society Destroyed - planter aristocracy
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Revenge Northern Casualties - about 300,000 Economy Depressed Brother vs. Brother
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Lincoln vs. Radicals Lincoln’s Feelings - illegal secession - Union Radicals - mostly Republicans - want to punish South - revert to territory status
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Radical Leaders - Thaddeus Stevens (R-PA) - Charles Sumner (R-MA) Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction Forgiveness vs. Punishment 10% Plan - loyalty oath - adopt amendments
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Wade-Davis Bill Revenge Registration - ALL white males Majority oath (“ironclad oath”) - loyalty and innocence New state constitution Generations Congress (July 2, 1864) Lincoln
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Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865- Our American Cousin Ford’s Theater, Washington, DC John Wilkes Booth Kidnap and ransom Southern Surrender “Decapitate” the Government Assassination Man hunt
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Section 2: Andrew Johnson and the Radicals
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Andrew Johnson Democratic Southerner “rags to riches” Union supporter Personality “Democratic” President Congress vs. Johnson
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Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction Southern Conventions Repudiate war debts Nullify Secession Adopt 13 th Amendment Southern Defiance (?)
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Black Codes “Govern” newly freed blacks Requirements - work (agric or domestic) - vagrancy laws “slavery in all but name”
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Confederates in Congress Congressional Elections Presidential pardons “Confederate” Congressmen - Vice-president; 6 Cabinet members; 58 Confederate Congressmen Congressional Representation - South increased - loss of Republican control
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Committee of Reconstruction - Thaddeus Stevens (R-PA) - Joint Committee of 15 - shut out Southern congressmen - develop Congressional Plan for Reconstruction
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Freedman’s Bureau Refugees - help recover farms Freed Blacks - feed, clothe, educate, medicate Johnson’s Veto - against civil rights enforcement Congressional Revenge - ban on Southern congressmen
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Civil Rights Bill Goal= protection Federal supremacy - can interfere in state affairs Johnson veto Congressional Override
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14 th Amendment US citizenship State depriving rights Enforce 13 th Amendment - reduce reps State war debt Confederate veterans banned - 2/3 vote pardons Tennessee
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Section 3: “Black Reconstruction”
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Military Reconstruction 5 Districts Northern General Punish or Forgive Johnson veto (override) State constitutional conventions - “open” voting
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Impeachment of Johnson Radicals vs. AJ - Command of Army Act Tenure of Office Act - Sec of War Stanton (enemy) - constitutional ???
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Removal clause (Art. II sec. 4) - impeachment - Senate trial (2/3) May 16, 1868: vote - 35 “guilty”, 19 “not guilty” (2/3?)
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Election of 1868 Ulysses Grant (R-ILL) Horatio Seymour (D-NY) War hero
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Section 4: The North Withdraws
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Section 5: The Divided South
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