1. The New Immigrants

2. Immigration Issues Today Immigration – What it means for your wallet Immigration – What it means for your wallet What are the pro’s and con’s of immigration What are the pro’s and con’s of immigration Article – Opposing viewpoints of immigration today Article – Opposing viewpoints of immigration today What is current legislation on immigration laws What is current legislation on immigration laws Proposal for solution to today’s problems Proposal for solution to today’s problems

3. Coming To America The immigrants that are coming to the US from all over the world Came from most of the eastern European countries such as Germany, Scandinavia, Ireland, Italy, Russia, and China Many sought to escape the difficult circumstances of their homelands: famine, land shortages, or religious persecution. Some wanted to immigrate temporarily to make money for their families and then return to their homelands.

4. The Europeans Approx 20 million Europeans immigrated to the US Mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe Many left because of the rising populations in Europe which made land scarce for farmers and the competition for industrial jobs that much harder to obtain

5. Chinese and Japanese Came to the west coast in much smaller numbers Came to the west coast in much smaller numbers Wanted to get in on the gold rush in California Wanted to get in on the gold rush in California Mainly employed on the railroads, farming, mining and domestic service Mainly employed on the railroads, farming, mining and domestic service Japanese were mainly employed on Hawaiian plantations Japanese were mainly employed on Hawaiian plantations

6. Ellis Island An immigration station Many immigrants had to be inspected Had to have a physical examination to determine whether there were an health problems Had to pass a government inspection to met the legal requirements for entering the US

7. Angel Island How people gained admission into the United States on the west coast How people gained admission into the United States on the west coast Immigrants endured harsh questioning and long detentions in ramshackle buildings while they waited Immigrants endured harsh questioning and long detentions in ramshackle buildings while they waited

8. Trying to survive Many immigrants saw themselves as “hyphenated” Americans Many immigrants stayed with people who spoke their own language or had the same customs Did not want to lose their identities from their homeland. This caused friction as feeling of nativism swept through the United States

9. Rise of Nativism Gave rise to many anti-immigration groups Gave rise to many anti-immigration groups Prescott F Hall was the founder of the Immigration Restriction League Prescott F Hall was the founder of the Immigration Restriction League Identified the desirable immigrants – Germans and Scandinavians because they were historically free, energetic and progressive Identified the desirable immigrants – Germans and Scandinavians because they were historically free, energetic and progressive Had trouble with the “wrong” immigrants – Slav, Latin and Asiatic races because they were historically down trodden and stagnant Had trouble with the “wrong” immigrants – Slav, Latin and Asiatic races because they were historically down trodden and stagnant Nativists not only rejected immigrants because of their national identity but because of their religion Nativists not only rejected immigrants because of their national identity but because of their religion Did not like the Jewish or the Roman Catholics because they thought these religions undermined the democratic institutions established by the countries protestant founders Did not like the Jewish or the Roman Catholics because they thought these religions undermined the democratic institutions established by the countries protestant founders

10. Chinese Exclusion Act Passed in 1882, this closed the door to Chinese immigrants except students, teachers, merchants, tourists and government officials for ten years Passed in 1882, this closed the door to Chinese immigrants except students, teachers, merchants, tourists and government officials for ten years Bill would not be repealed until 1943 Bill would not be repealed until 1943

11. The Gentlemen’s Agreement Japan was angry at the treatment of its immigrants Japan was angry at the treatment of its immigrants President Roosevelt in 1907-1908 had Japan’s government to agree to restrict the immigration of unskilled workers for the repeal of San Francisco’s segregation order President Roosevelt in 1907-1908 had Japan’s government to agree to restrict the immigration of unskilled workers for the repeal of San Francisco’s segregation order

12. Review 1. What Prompted people to move to the US from other countries? 2. What is the difference between new immigrants and old immigrants? 3. What problems did immigrants face when they entered the US? 4. What is Ellis Island and Angel Island? 5. What were the Gentleman’s Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act? 6. What was the response to the increase in immigration at this time? 7. How is this time period similar or different from immigration today. Make a T-Chart comparing the two.

13. Task Review Photo’s on the processing stages immigrants went through coming to the US. Review Photo’s on the processing stages immigrants went through coming to the US. Read – handout – Chinese Immigration in the US Read – handout – Chinese Immigration in the US Analyze – Attitudes about immigration in the late 19 th century Analyze – Attitudes about immigration in the late 19 th century How are these attitudes similar or different to attitudes today? How are these attitudes similar or different to attitudes today?

14. Task Analyzing Attitudes on Immigrants through Political Cartoons With a partner analyze the cartoons and complete the handout on Immigration Cartoons With a partner analyze the cartoons and complete the handout on Immigration Cartoons

15. US Immigration Laws 1790 2 year residency requirement for citizenship 1819Reporting Rule – Captains manifest keeps data 1875Chinese Exclusion Act Excludes ex-convicts, lunatics, idiots, unable to care for Themselves, levies tax on immigrants 1891Office of Immigration Created 1892Ellis Island opens 1903Additional Exclusions: Epileptics, beggars, anarchists 1907Additional Exclusions: feeble minded, tuberculars, Persons with physical, mental defects, under 16 without Parent *Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan 1917Literacy test required, bars virtually all Asian immigrants 1921Quota Act 350,000 cap on annual immigration, limits by Nationality 3% of the population based on census in 1910 1924National Origins Act – reduces annual # to 165,000 and 2% of nationality’s representation in 1890 census, creates US border patrol 1927Further reduction to 150,000 and 2% based on 1920 1928National Origins Act, 150,000 permanent 70% from North and West Europe, 30% from South and East Eur.

16. US Immigration Laws Cont. 1942 – Filipinos are re-classified as US citizens 1943 – Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act 1948 – Displaced Persons Act – 400,000 displaced from WWII 1952 – McCarran-Walter Act – removes race as a barrier, now denied for political beleifs 1965 – 170,000 East Hemisphere, 120,000 from West 1978 – World wide immigration – 290,000 1979 – Refugee Act – admits refugees 1986 – Immigration Reform and Control Act – 540,000 world wide, amnesty to illegals, sanctions to employers of illegals 1990 – Immigration Act of 1990 – 700,000 for 3 years, then 675,000, permanent visas to those that invest $1mil in urban or 500,000 in rural, no longer deny on political beliefs 1995 – CA – Proposition 187, (unconstitutional) denied public education, welfare, and health services to undocumented aliens 1996 – Doubles US border patrol, immigrants loose benefits, only qualify for emergency medical care, immuniztions and disaster relief