1. pH scale Notes HeadingsVocabularyImportant Info

2. Acids, Bases and pH Scale The pH scale measures the concentration of H+ (hydrogen) ions or how acidic/basic something is Ranges from 0-14 At 7: H+ ions and OH- ions are equal so it is WATER

3. Acids Releases H+ ions when mixed in water Ranges from 0-6.9 on the pH scale and has more H+ ions Sour and corrosive Example: lemon juice, HCl Has an “H” at the from of chemical formula

4. Bases Releases OH- ions when mixed in water Ranges from 7.1-14 on the pH scale and has more OH- ions Bitter, slippery and often in cleaners Example: NaOH Has “OH” at the end of its chemical formula

5. pH Scale

6. What is a buffer? Buffers are weak acids or bases that react with strong acids or bases Prevents sharp changes in pH Helps to neutralize strong acids and bases Helps control pH in blood, digestive tract, etc. Maintains HOMEOSTASIS

7. pH is not a linear scale Each step to the left means the acidity increases by 10x Example: We start from 7 (neutral/water). If we have a substance that has a pH of 3, we move 4 places in the acidic direction so it is 10,000x more acidic than water Each step to the right means the strength of the base increases by 10x We start from 7 (neutral/water). If we have a substance that has a pH of 13, we move 6 places in the base direction so it is 1,000,000x basic than water.