1. Bacterial Pneumonia Cesar Arellano Ruby Perches

2. What is the disease?  Lower Respiratory tract infection  Caused by bacteria called streptococcus pneumoniae  Infects one or both lungs  Does not form by spores.  Streptococcus pneumoniea has one toxin called Pneumolysin.

3. Etiology  Streptococcus pneumoniae causes the disease.  Gram +  Lancet-shaped cocci (diplococci)

4. Epidemiology  A) the elderly tends to be more affected by bacterial pneumonia, because age decreases the immunes systems efficiency.  B) is seen most in late summer and early fall  C) statistics:  175,000 hospitalizations a year  Fatality rate 5-7%  8 th leading cause of death in U.S.

5. Mode of Transmission  Person to person through close contact via respiratory droplets.

6. Symptoms  Cough with discolored mucus  High fever  Chills  Rapid breathing  Pain when coughing or breathing deeply  Shortness of breath  Exhaustion  Loss of appetite

7. Risk Factors  Having an underlying lung disease like asthma  A systematic disease like diabetes  Immunocompromised  Being very young or old  Abusing alcohol  Smoking or being around a constant smoking environment

8. Diagnostic Tests  Isolation from blood or cerebrospinal fluid, most patients do not have detectable basteria.  Pneumonoccal urine anitgen test can be used in adults.  High white blood cell count

9. Treatment  If young & healthy- or antibiotics and a check up a week later  Extreme cases- hospitalization intravenous antibiotics.  If having low oxygen trouble breathing and underlying medical problems- iv fluids, oxygen, breathing treatment

10. Prevention  PCV13 (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) vaccine is given to children between the ages <5 and <17 months old  PCV13 is also given to people <18 years old who have immunocomprimising conditions.  PPSV23 is given to adults > 65 years old, and 2-64 years old with undeanatomic asplenia, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, anrlying medical conditions.  Immunocomprimised, functional or d cochearnts, receive PCV13 followed by PPSV23

11. References  Bacterial Pneumonia | Pneumonia Guide | Everyday Health. (n.d.). EverydayHealth.com. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://www.everydayhealth.com/pneumonia/bacterial- pneumonia.aspx  Chapter 3Infectious Diseases Related To Travel. (n.d.). Pneumococcal Disease. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapte r-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/pneumococcal- disease  National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. (2014, April 29). U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 1, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/