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The BIG PICTURE behind what makes Chemistry has two parts (sect. 2.2 ) Part 1 R. Boyle ( ) Everything is composed of elements. Elements cannot.

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Presentation on theme: "The BIG PICTURE behind what makes Chemistry has two parts (sect. 2.2 ) Part 1 R. Boyle ( ) Everything is composed of elements. Elements cannot."— Presentation transcript:

1 The BIG PICTURE behind what makes Chemistry has two parts (sect. 2.2 ) Part 1 R. Boyle (1627-1691) Everything is composed of elements. Elements cannot be changed to other elements chemically

2 All atoms of a given element weigh the same. Boyle’s elements: 1805 … elements defined by mass Atoms of different elements are distinguished by differences in their weight.

3 Elements defined `operationally’ (the experimentalist’s definition): An element cannot be made to lose weight by any possible chemical process. Lab looking for elements in 1780 A scale is always present

4 Part 2 J. Dalton (1766-1844) (section 2.2) Elements combine in whole- numbered ratios of `atoms’ to form compounds. Compounds react by reorganizing how the atoms are combined (bound) together.

5 The Big Picture parts 1 and 2 in Pictures Chemistry is ~ about the scrambling of elemental combos (molecules) from one form to another = CHEMICAL REACTIONS

6 Burning paper: The demos written as reactions: Sodium in water: C 12 H 20 O 10 + 12O 2  12CO 2 + 10H 2 O 2Na o + 2H 2 O(l)  2NaOH(aq) + H 2 (g) Explosion was 2H 2 +O 2  2H 2 O ignited by initial reaction heat…a reaction begetting another reaction.

7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWMATrOatRw Even Bigger (Hotter) Reactions… Fe 2 O 3 + 2Al  2Fe + Al 2 O 3 Thermite Reaction

8 N-methylphenyl-2-propan-2-amine Example of a Typical Organic Reaction Sequence Street name: Crystal meth

9 Structure Chemist Organic ChemistNut case chemist Can you locate the chemist’s universal obsession…..? MOLECULES, DUH.

10 Vocabulary of “Chemistry speak”: The Stock Naming Scheme Using the Periodic Table to Classify and Name Inorganic Compounds Metals (M) + Non Metals (NM) binary type 1 Transition metals (TM) + NM binary type 2 NM+NM binary type 3 M and TM with Oxyanions (OXY) replacing NM

11 Reading about Naming Schemes see documents under ‘Laboratory’ at Website Pages 60-68 of your text

12 metals Transition metals Non-metals Lanthanides Actinides Naming Inorganic compounds

13 The Big picture, Part 3 What does Dalton’s atom look like ?? What’s in the atomic box ?

14 The evolving inside picture of the atom (2.4-2.5) Philosophical Magazine 44, 295 (1897) Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 21, 669-688 (1911) Thomson Model 1897 Philosophical Magazine Series 6 26. 1-25 (1913) Bohr Model 1913

15 Dimensions of the atomic model Nuclear radius ~10 -15 meters Electronic cloud radius ~ 10 -10 meters Electronic radius/Nuclear radius ~ 10 +5

16 Atom dimensions in familiar terms. Baseball as nucleus Old Yankee Stadium, the Bronx Electrons start here (~2.4 miles past cheap seats) 3”

17 POP CAN WITH STRING + PENCIL DOT… HOW FAR AWAY IS THE ELECTRON FROM THE PROTON (DOT) {0.02 CM DIAMETER}? CUT UP 20 cm STRIP OF PAPER…HOW MANY CUTS TO REACH ATOMIC SCALE?

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