2. Exploration and Early Colonization Era

4. WHY HISTORIANS DIVIDE THE PAST INTO ERAS Historians divide the past into eras in order to examine how political, economic, geographic and social patterns change over time. Historians divide the past into eras in order to examine how political, economic, geographic and social patterns change over time. Era- Period of time.

5. Unit 2 Important People/Events Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus Hernan Cortes Hernan Cortes Montezuma (Moctezuma II) Montezuma (Moctezuma II) Alonso Alvarez De Pineda Alonso Alvarez De Pineda Panfilo de Narvaez Panfilo de Narvaez Narvaez Expedition Narvaez Expedition Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca Estevanico Estevanico Francisco Vasquez De Coronado Francisco Vasquez De Coronado Cibola Cibola

6. I. Europe Eyes the Americas A. Spain Expands Its Influence 1. Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain in 1492 to find a faster trade ROUTE to Asia. 2. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella FINANCED his expeditions - 4 in all.

7. In Fourteen Hundred Ninety Two, Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue!!

8. COLUMBUS’S FOUR VOYAGES

9. II. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas B. Spain Established Colonies 1. From 1492 until 1519 Spain concentrated on establishing colonies in the West Indies. 2. Conquistador – Spanish explorer who searched for wealth and land a. Could gain personal wealth & prestige by conquering an area.

10. SPANISH EXPLORERS In Texas: 1519– 1598

11. C. Reasons for Exploration: 1. Can be summed up with the phrase: “Gold, God, and Glory” Search for a quicker route to Asia to facilitate the spice trade. Competition had increased between the empires of Spain, Portugal, France and England.

12. D. Columbian Exchange (Great Exchange) 1. Exchange of goods between Europe, Asia and the Americas. 2. It was both good and bad.

14. E. Examples of items exchanged 1. Horses were brought to the Americas by the explorers. a. They changed the way of life for the Plains Indians. 2. Intro of corn, potatoes, sugar &cotton from America to othercontinents changed lives around the world. 3. Diseases were introduced to the Americas by the Spanish explorers, decimating the Native population.

15. II. Spanish Explorers in Texas

16. A. Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda In 1519 1. Sent from Jamaica to map the Gulf of Mexico. 2. Was the 1st European to see the Texas coast. (1519) 3. Made the 1st map of the Gulf of Mexico.

17. Pineda’s Map

18. B. Hernando Cortes Conquers Mexico 1. In 1519, Cortes was sent by the governor of Cuba to explore the America’s. 2. Cortes gained control of Mexico by defeating the Aztecs under Montezuma. 3. The gold & riches Cortes brought back to Spain made the Spanish more eager to explore New Spain.

20. C. Cabeza de Vaca (1526) 1. Cabeza de Vaca was one of 80 survivors of the Narvaez expedition shipwrecked on Galveston Bay. 2. T hey were the 1st Europeans to s ss set foot in Texas. 3. He lived with the Karankawas for 6 years as a slave and healer. 4. He led 4 survivors to Mexico, exploring the interior of Texas on their way.

21. 6. Cabeza de Vaca’s account of life among Native Texans is considered the first work of TX literature. 7. He reported a native legend thatthere was a place called Cibola,seven cities made of gold. Cabeza de Vaca (con’t)5. One of the 4 was a slave named Estaban (Estavanico). He was the 1st African to set foot in Texas.

23. D. The Search for Cibola 1.F rancisco Coronado – 1540, sent North from Mexico to look for Cibola. 2.F ollowed a Native, El Turco, across the Texas Panhandle, went up to Kansas, to Quivera, and claimed all the land for Spain.

24. Cabeza de Vaca

26. I.The Search for Cibola Cont. 1. Hernando de Soto – 1539, led secondexpedition to look for Cibola, beginning in Florida across the Southern U.S. to discover the Mississippi River.

28. III. The French Explore Texas A. France Shows Interest in the Gulf 1. A French explorer, Rene Robert Sieur de La Salle (Robert la Salle), discovered the Mississippi River, claiming all the lands it reached for France. 2. He named the land “Louisiana” after the king of France.

30. 4. La Salle went back to America in 1684, looking for the mouth of the Mississippi. 5. He landed at Matagorda Bay instead of the Mississippi. 6. He established Ft. St. Louis- 1stFrench colony in Texas. 3. He later convinced King Louis & Queen Anne to let him return to the new land and establish a French colony.

31. B. Ft. St. Louis was unsuccessful and French exploration in the Americas ended. C. However, Spain saw a threat to it’s hold in the New World and then began colonizing again.

32. FRENCH AND SPANISH CLAIMS ON NORTH AMERICA, 1682–1688

33. Chapter Summary Following Columbus’s lead, Spain established colonies in the Caribbean and Mexico. Reports of riches drew the explorers north to Texas where they established a successful mission. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas Columbus came to the New World looking for gold and a new trade route to Asia. Although he found neither, his four voyages inspired others to seek their fortunes in the Americas. Europe Eyes the Americas Spain’s claims on Texas lands prompted France to establish a colony of its own. Although La Salle’s Texas colony did not survive, France’s presence renewed Spain’s interest in settling Texas. The French Explore Texas

34. 1.This Italian sailor believed he could reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic. a. Juan de O ñ ate b. Christopher Columbus c. Hernando de Soto 2.This term refers to (describes) Spanish soldiers and adventurers (people looking for riches). a. conquistadores b. mustangs c. Epidemics 3.This Spanish soldier and his men conquered (took over by force) the Aztec Empire. a. Hern á n Cort é s b. Fray Marcos de Niza c. P á nfilo de Narv á ez 4.This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge) and his crew were the first people to see the Texas coast. a. Hernando de Soto b. Alonso Á lvarez de Pineda c. Juan de O ñ ate 5.This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge) searched for gold in Apalachee but found none. a. Christopher Columbus b. Luis de Moscoso Alvarado c. P á nfilo de Narv á ez