2. Blood DATE:

3. Learning Objectives Identify the components of blood Describe the function of each component Explain how each component is adapted to its function

4. HOW COULD THESE DISEASES BE LINKED TO COMPONENTS OF THE BLOOD? Sickle cell diseaseThrombocytopeniaHIV/AIDS Pain, weakness, shortness of breath, tiredness Nosebleeds, bleeding gums, easily heavily bruised, pinpoint bleeds on feet and legs Severe illness from diseases that are usually mild or very hard to catch

5. Modelling the Blood Use the materials provided to make a model that shows all of the components in the blood Use the fact sheet for information Don’t forget to label your model so that people viewing it can find out about each component

6. Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells PlateletsPlasma Description Function

7. Drawing diagrams Draw CLEAR, LABELLED diagrams of each of the components of blood Don’t forget to highlight the important, distinguishing features

9. (OCR)

10. Sickle cell diseaseC In sickle cell disease the red blood cells are distorted and stiff so that they can no longer properly fit through tiny blood vessels in the body o Why would this produce symptoms of feeling faint and weak? o Hint: what do red blood cells carry? Why are these substances needed by other cells?

11. Sickle cell diseaseA Sickle cell disease alters the shape of red blood cells, meaning they cannot easily pass through blood vessels. A patient arrives at the GP complaining of pain, weakness, tiredness and shortness of breath. Explain why the doctor might test the patient’s blood for sickle cell disease.

12. Sickle cell disease The shape of the sickle cell means that there is less surface area to absorb oxygen, and less haemoglobin to bind with it If they cannot fit through the blood vessels they may become blocked, preventing any other blood cells from passing This means the cell cannot efficiently transport oxygen for respiration No oxygen for respiration means there will be no energy released in cells, so the patient feels weak and tired The patient may struggle for breath as they try and get as much oxygen as possible into their blood The blockage may cause pain all over the body as pressure builds up

13. Sickle cell disease The shape of the sickle cell means that there is less surface area to absorb oxygen, and less haemoglobin to bind with it If they cannot fit through the blood vessels they may become blocked, preventing any other blood cells from passing This means the cell cannot efficiently transport oxygen for respiration No oxygen for respiration means there will be no energy released in cells, so the patient feels weak and tired The patient may struggle for breath as they try and get as much oxygen as possible into their blood The blockage may cause pain all over the body as pressure builds up

14. HIV/AIDS Explain why HIV/AIDS was first discovered when unusual numbers of otherwise healthy people suddenly caught very unusual diseases that people were usually immune to The immune system is usually strong enough to fight off many illnesses without us feeling any symptoms. In AIDS the HIV virus destroys certain white blood cells. This makes it harder to fight off infections. People dying of these unusual diseases must have had something wrong with their immune system

15. Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia results in internal bleeding and bleeding from soft tissue surface such as the nose and gums. Suggest which component of the blood is affected by this disease. Give a reason for your answer Platelets: these are responsible for clotting. Lack of platelets means blood is less likely to clot, resulting in bleeding from minor injuries