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Published byArlene Sullivan Modified over 8 years ago
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Sunni/Shia Division Constitutional Setup Autocratic Rulers
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◦ State of emergency (1967) no free speech or press Imprisonment without trial Government run media Censorship No demonstrations No parties police brutality (torture)
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All of this was in support of the authoritarian government ◦ Hosni Mubarak (1981) Sectarian American-backed Gamal Elections
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Other problems ◦ Unemployment ◦ Corruption Unequal distribution of gains
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Muslim Brotherhood
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Inspired by Tunisia National Police Day Protests ◦ MB as well as others ◦ Social Media Asmaa Mahfouz ◦ Expanded from original intention
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Military and police’s role Prisoners Mubarak offered reforms, and promised not to run, VP Violence Resignation
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Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Constitutional Referendum Intermittant protesting; faster implementation of the Constitution, charging of Mubarak, no military trials for civilians, etc. ◦ They feel change is too slow Violence against protestors January 2012 – Parlimentary election
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May 2012 – State of emergency law expired June 2012 – Mubarak is charged and acquitted June 2012 – Certain aspects of martial law are reintroduced, like military trials for civilians June 2012 – Supreme Council of Armed Forces dissolves parliament, issue a new interim constitution, and set about making amore permanent one. They also give themselves authority to control the Prime Minister, and give the PM some of the President’s powers Morsi elected
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◦ Granted himself more powers ◦ He was the MB’s candidate, and some worry he will bring in Islamist laws. However, others celebrate the first ever legal MB candidate. ◦ Protests grew; on July 3 rd, the protesters allied with the military to depose him
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Supreme Council of Armed Forces appointed a civilian – Mansour – interim president, instead of declaring martial law However, there have been severe crackdowns against Morsi-supporters
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Freer Press and speech ◦ However, still crackdowns Improved women’s rights Inequality has remained static Unemployment has remained high True result remains to be seen; depends on Mansour, the new constitution, its level of implementation, the military’s choices, and social realities.
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Bahrain Yemen Jordan Kuwait Algeria Iraq Morocco
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Clash between entrenched government interests and Islamist groups Social Media New Nationalism Grievances – civil rights, oppression, inequality, unemployment ◦ Demand for codified system of laws and rights Young people Minorities in power
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