3. Click on a lesson name to select. Section 1: Community Ecology Section 2: Terrestrial Biomes Section 3: Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems

4. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Tundra  Average precipitation: 15–25 cm per year  Abiotic factors: soggy summers; permafrost; cold and dark much of the year  Geographic location: South of the polar ice caps in the Northern Hemisphere  Temperature range: -34°C–12°C 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

5. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Boreal Forest  Average precipitation: 30–84 cm per year  Geographic location: northern part of North America, Europe, and Asia  Abiotic factors: summers are short and moist; winters are long, cold, and dry  Temperature range: -54°C–21°C 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

6. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Temperate Forest  Average precipitation: 75–150 cm per year  Temperature range: -30°C–30°C  Abiotic factors: well-defined seasons; summers are hot, winters are cold  Geographic location: south of the boreal forests in eastern North America, eastern Asia, Australia, and Europe 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

7. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Temperate Woodland and Shrubland  Average precipitation: 38–100 cm per year  Temperature range: 10°C–40°C  Abiotic factors: summers are very hot and dry; winters are cool and wet  Geographic location: surrounds the Mediterranean Sea, western coast of North and South America, South Africa, and Australia 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

8. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Temperate Grassland  Average precipitation: 50–89 cm per year  Temperature range: -40°C–38°C  Abiotic factors: summers are hot; winters are cold; moderate rainfall; fires possible  Geographic location: North America, South America, Asia, Africa, and Australia 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

9. Planet Earth – Great Plains

10. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Desert  Average precipitation: 2–26 cm per year  Temperature range: high: 20°C–49°C; low: -18°C–10°C  Geographic location: every continent except Europe  Abiotic factors: varying temperatures; low rainfall 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

11. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Tropical Savanna  Average precipitation: 50–130 cm per year  Temperature range: 20°C–30°C  Geographic location: Africa, South America, and Australia  Abiotic factors: summers are hot and rainy; winters are cool and dry 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

12. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Tropical Seasonal Forest  Average precipitation: >200 cm per year  Temperature range: 20°C–25°C  Abiotic factors: rainfall is seasonal  Geographic location: Africa, Asia, Australia, and South and Central America 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

13. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Tropical Rain Forest  Average precipitation: 200–1000 cm per year  Temperature range: 24°C–27°C  Abiotic factors: humid all year; hot and wet  Geographic location: Central and South America, southern Asia, western Africa, and northeastern Australia 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

14. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Mountains  If you go up a mountain, you might notice that abiotic conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, change with increasing elevation. 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

15. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Polar Regions  Border the tundra at high latitudes  Polar regions are cold all year. Penguins in Antarctica 3.2 Terrestrial Biomes Chapter 3

16. March of the PenguinsMarch

17. Fresh Water BBC world

18. 3.3 Aquatic Ecosystems Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems  Only about 2.5 percent of the water on Earth is freshwater. Freshwater Ecosystems Chapter 3

19. Rivers and Streams Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems  The characteristics of rivers and streams change during the journey from the source to the mouth. 3.3 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 3

20.  Fast-moving rivers and streams prevent much accumulation of organic materials and sediment. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems  Usually, there are fewer species living in the rapid waters.  In slow-moving water, insect larvae are the primary food source for many fish, including American eel, brown bullhead catfish, and trout. 3.3 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 3

21. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems  The temperature of lakes and ponds varies depending on the season. Lakes and Ponds 3.3 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 3

22. Transitional Aquatic Ecosystems Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems  Areas of land such as marshes, swamps, and bogs that are saturated with water and that support aquatic plants are called wetlands. Bog 3.3 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 3

23. Communities, Biomes, and Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems  The intertidal zone is a narrow band where the ocean meets land.  Communities are constantly changing in this environment as a result of disturbance. 3.3 Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 3

24. Mississippi River Floods and Wetlands How is this a study in Ecology? The ‘Web of Interdependence’ describes that –the first ecological truth regards that our planet is home not only to humans but to many other forms of life as well! –Second, the health of human society depends on the well-being of much of that life!

25. What is a Marsh? A levee? A marsh is…… Low lying wetland w/ grassy vegetation –Transition zone between land and water A Levee is… Type of dam that runs along the banks of a river or canal to prevent flooding

27. Delta Marshes Mississippi River Delta Image taken 5/24/2001 by ASTER Turbid waters spill out into the Gulf of Mexico where their suspended sediment is deposited to form the Mississippi River Delta. Like the webbing on a duck's foot, marshes and mudflats prevail between the shipping channels that have been cut into the delta.

29. Levees and their effects to marshes In New Orleans, the systematic construction of levees began in the 19th century. The current levee system dates to the 1960s. The US Army Corps of Engineers designed the levees to withstand the forces of a fast-blowing "Category 3" storm.US Army Corps of Engineers Work on the levees was not completed; they weren't strong enough to survive the "Category 4" Hurricane Katrina. In August 2005, several levees along waterways of Lake Ponchartrain failed. Water covered 80% of New Orleans.

32. Information on Cypress Trees in Swamps taken from National Public Radio Once a century, cypress trees grow large enough to harvest for furniture, shingles etc. –(75-100ft tall!) Ecology professor Gary Shaffer says cypress play a crucial role in the swamp forests that cover hundreds of thousands of acres of coastal Louisiana. These swamps prevent floods by collecting storm waters and clean water by filtering out pollution. They also provide habitat for a wide variety of animals, such as migratory songbirds (the ivory-billed woodpecker, until recently believed extinct, once thrived in the swamps).

33. Hurricane on the Bayou