1. ‘Warm up ○ Describe the climate outside, be prepared to share

2. FoB TPO: We will define climate and analyze climographs using Cornell Notes to produce a Climograph Assessment. EQ: What is the difference between climate and weather? How can climographs allow us to determine the location of a place? RQ: Why is it important for us to know about climate? VOCAB: weather, climate, biomes, temperature, precipitation, tornado, hurricane, El Nino, climograph STAAR: What conclusion can be made from the following climograph?

3. Cognitive Appetizer pg 7 in INB Using complete sentences, describe the following: 1.Describe today’s weather in at least 2 sentences. 2.Describe summers in Austin in at least 3 sentences. ****TURN IN YOUR MAPS WITH YOUR RUBRICS!!!!***

4. QUIZ TIME! ●Please put everything away! ●Remember, ACADEMIC HONESTY...NO CHEATING!

5. Climate Basics and Climographs 9/4/15 PG 8

6. What is climate? Climate is the pattern of weather seen over a long period of time in a given location. In other words, it can give you an idea of what kind of weather to expect. World biomes are controlled by climate. The climate determines what plants will grow there and what animals will live there. For example: If you are in Austin during the summer, what would the weather be like?

7. So then what is weather? Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions that day (temperature, precipitation) Weather changes day to day. For example: How does the weather change from each day in Austin?

8. Weather Phenomena/Natural Disasters ○ Based on the climate of a place, weather during certain seasons can be unpredictable. ○ Some weather phenomena include El Nino, which we have been experiencing since last year. ○ Weather can also be the cause of major natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, mudslides, wildfires, and floods.

9. Tornadoes ○ A tornado is a narrow, violently rotating column of air that extends from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground. ○ It is unclear how they form, but the most destructive ones form from supercells (severe thunderstorms). ○ Tornadoes occur in many parts of the world, including Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America. ○ Tornado season usually refers to the time of year the U.S. sees the most tornadoes. ○ The peak “tornado season” is between the months of May and July, depending on where in the US you are.

10. Hurricanes A tropical cyclone (rotating low pressure weather system that has organized thunderstorms) that forms over tropical or subtropical waters. Winds have to reach 74 mph in order to be considered a hurricane. Hurricane season begins June 1 and ends November 30.

11. El Niño El Niño is the warming of the equatorial Pacific waters cause an interruption in normal weather patterns around the world. Under normal weather conditions, the western Pacific (Australia, Japan) get plenty of precipitation. Consequences of El Niño year: ○ Drought in the western Pacific ○ Increased rainfall in the eastern Pacific (US, South America) that can lead to devastating floods ○ Increased hurricanes in the Pacific and fewer hurricanes in the Atlantic. EL NINO National Geographic

12. Climate Zones Climates can be described as one of the following: ○ Tropical ○ Dry(Arid) ○ Temperate ○ Cold ○ Polar There are subcategories, but we will get into that next week!

13. What does these look like? Tropical - Moist Tropical Climates are known for their high temperatures year round and for their large amount of year round rain. Dry/Arid - Dry Climates are characterized by little rain and a huge daily temperature range. Temperate - In Humid Middle Latitude Climates land/water differences play a large part. These climates have warm,dry summers and cool, wet winters. Cold - Continental Climates can be found in the interior regions of large land masses. Total precipitation is not very high and seasonal temperatures vary widely. Polar - Cold Climates describe this climate type perfectly. These climates are part of areas where permanent ice and tundra are always present. Only about four months of the year have above freezing temperatures.

14. Climographs Climographs are a type of graph that shows the AVERAGE climate of a place in two ways: TEMPERATURE ( ⁰ C or ⁰ F) PRECIPITATION These graphs can tell us what type of climate a place is in just based on those two pieces of information!

15. HOW TO READ A CLIMOGRAPH We will fill it out! This will be pasted on page 8!

16. Let’s Practice Analyzing 1.Moscow, Russia 3.Bangkok, Thailand 2.Harare, Zimbabwe 4.Punta Arenas, Chile Be able to explain why you assigned each location to that climograph. Look at the four climographs. You and your partner will make observations about each graph using the following guiding questions: Which months are the hottest? Coldest? Is it moderate/mild/temper ate? Is there precipitation and when? Then guess which country the graph belongs to! PAGE 7

17. Assessment ○ On your own, complete the Climograph assessment. ○ DUE Tuesday!!