1. ES 101B Laboratory
Lecture 1: Basics
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

2. Small and Large Number Notations Small mili (m) X 0.001 micro (μ)
nano (n)
X 0.000,000,001
Large
kilo (k)
X 1,000
Mega (M)
X 1,000,000
Giga (G)
X 1,000,000,000
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

3. AC (Alternating Current) Signal
Electricity
AC (Alternating Current) Signal
160 V
0 V
-160 V
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

4. A: Live Wire, B: Neutral Wire, C: Ground
Wall Outlet
A: Live Wire, B: Neutral Wire, C: Ground
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

5. DC (Direct Current) Signal
3 V
0 V
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

6. - - - - Series and Parallel Batteries
Figure 1: Series Batteries Figure 2: Parallel Batteries
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

7. Basic Symbols Used in Schematics
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

8. Voltage (V) = Current (I) x Resistance (R)
Ohm’s Law
Voltage (V) = Current (I) x Resistance (R)
It shows the relationship between electric voltage, current and resistance.
Think of voltage as a huge water tank filled with thousands of gallons of water
on a hill. One could imagine the pressure difference between water in this tank
and water coming out of a faucet through some pipe at the bottom, as potential
voltage.
Think of current as the amount (quantity) of water flowing through the pipes
dictated by pressure (voltage).
Imagine resistance to be the size of the pipes and faucet. The larger the pipe
and faucet (less resistance), the more the water that comes out of faucet.
The smaller the pipe and faucet (more resistance), the less the water that
comes out.
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

9. Visualizing the Ohm's Law
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

10. Ohm’s Law Triangle
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

11. Ohm’s Law: Voltage (V) = Resistance (R) x Current (I)
Ohm’s Law Examples
* If the voltage is 12 volts and the resistance 100  , find the amount of current.
Ohm’s Law: Voltage (V) = Resistance (R) x Current (I)
We have Voltage and Resistance. We need to find current.
V / R = (R x I) /R
I = V / R = 12 V / 100  = 0.12 A
* If the resistance is 1000  and current 1.2 A, find the voltage (V).
V = I x R = 1.2 A x 1000  = 1,200 V
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

12. Resistor Color Codes
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

13. Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

14. Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

15. Requivalent or Req = R1 + R2
Resistors in Series
If we connect two resistors in series, the equivalent value would be the sum of both.
Requivalent or Req = R1 + R2
Example 1: R1= 100 , R2 = 200 , then Req = 100   = 300 
Example 2: R1 = 2,200 , R2 = 330 , then Req = 2,200   = 2,530 
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B

16. Requivalent or Req = (R1 x R2) / (R1 + R2)
Resistors in Parallel
If we connect two resistors in parallel, The equivalent value can be obtained using the following formula:
Requivalent or Req = (R1 x R2) / (R1 + R2)
Example 1: R1= 100 , R2 = 200 , then Req = (100  x 200 ) / (100  ) = 
Example 2: R1 = 2,200 , R2 = 330 , then Req = (2,200  x 330 ) / (2,200  ) = 
Shahram Marivani, ES 101B