1. Eurasian Cultural Traditions 500 BCE to 500 CE Chapter 5 AP World History Notes “China and the Search for Order”

2. The State of China  Chaos  Growing violence  Disharmony and disunity  “Age of Warring States”  These issues led many to find solutions to China’s problems

3. The Legalist Answer  Founder of Legalism = Han Fei  Legalists viewed humans as inherently stupid and immoral  Legalists believed in rules and laws that were strict, clearly spelled out, and enforced through a system of rewards and punishments

4. The Legalist Answer  Legalism = used by Emperor Qin Shihuangdi during the Qin Dynasty to restore unity and order to China

5. The Confucian Answer  Confucius = from an aristocratic family in northern China  Became a teacher  Believed in ethics = good conduct and moral judgment

6. The Analects  A short book of the teachings of Confucius  Compiled by his students after his death

7. The Confucian Answer  The moral example of superiors  Relied on unequal relationships within society  Ruler over subject  Parent over child  Husband over wife  Old over young

8. Emphasis on Filial Piety  Filial piety = respect for one’s elders and ancestors

9. Civil Service Exams  Confucianism = incorporated into China’s civil service exams during the Han Dynasty  Chinese men had to apply Confucian values to specific situations in these tests

10. The Daoist Answer  Founder = Laozi  Focus of Daoism = living in harmony with nature  Urges withdrawal from society and entrance into a world of nature

11. The Dao  “The Way”  Universal force that guides all things

12. Yin and Yang  2 opposing forces present in all of nature  YIN = cool, dark, female, submissive  YANG = warm, light, male, aggressive