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4. The Role of Third Parties Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties The Impact of Minor Parties Minor Political Parties Interest Groups: Political Parties > Minor Political Parties Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political- science?campaign_content=book_5797_section_61&campaign_term=Political+Science&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_s ource=boundless

5. In the U.S., "third party" refers to any party other than the major two, which are the Democratic and Republican parties at present. Third parties have sometimes launched large campaigns and have won public offices, but have not obtained significant or consistent representation in the federal government. Barriers to third party success include a winner-take-all election format, ballot access laws, debate rules, and the vast resources of the two major parties. The Role of Third Parties Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/alternative-to-we-the-people-an-introduction-to-american-politics-8th-benjamin-ginsberg-theodore- j-lowi-margaret-weir-0393935655-9780393935653/interest-groups-political-parties-9/minor-political-parties-61/the-role-of-third-parties-341- 4261?campaign_content=book_5797_section_61&campaign_term=Political+Science&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_sour ce=boundless Ross Perot View on Boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties > Minor Political Parties

6. American elections are held between two main political candidates, one a Democrat and one a Republican. Third parties are any party other than the Democratic and Republican parties. Third parties tend to be much more ideological than their counterparts from the Democratic or Republican parties. Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/alternative-to-we-the-people-an-introduction-to-american-politics-8th-benjamin-ginsberg-theodore- j-lowi-margaret-weir-0393935655-9780393935653/interest-groups-political-parties-9/minor-political-parties-61/ideological-third-parties-and-splinter- parties-342- 8403?campaign_content=book_5797_section_61&campaign_term=Political+Science&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_sour ce=boundless Third Party Candidates View on Boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties > Minor Political Parties

7. Third-party candidates rarely win election in American campaigns. Third-party candidates can shift national attention to particular issues. Third-party candidates can take votes away from major political party candidates, influencing the outcome of elections. The Impact of Minor Parties Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/alternative-to-we-the-people-an-introduction-to-american-politics-8th-benjamin-ginsberg-theodore- j-lowi-margaret-weir-0393935655-9780393935653/interest-groups-political-parties-9/minor-political-parties-61/the-impact-of-minor-parties-343- 8401?campaign_content=book_5797_section_61&campaign_term=Political+Science&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_sour ce=boundless Third Party Candidates View on Boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties > Minor Political Parties

8. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

9. Key terms ballot access laws Statutes governing whether a candidate will be listed on a state election ballot, which may require fees or signed petitions. third party A political party in opposition to the main parties in a two-party system. two-party system A two-party system is a system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections at every level of government and, as a result, nearly all elected officials are members of one of the two major parties. two-party system When two major political parties dominate in most elections and consequently dominate elected office Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties

10. Third Party Candidates Ralph Nader, the Green Party candidate, is accused of "stealing" votes away from Al Gore, a Democrat, in the 2000 election. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Naderspeak." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Naderspeak.JPG View on Boundless.comCC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Naderspeak.JPGView on Boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties

11. Third Party Candidates Ralph Nader, the Green Party candidate, is accused of "stealing" votes away from Al Gore, a Democrat, in the 2000 election. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Naderspeak." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Naderspeak.JPG View on Boundless.comCC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Naderspeak.JPGView on Boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties

12. Ross Perot Ross Perot is the last third party presidential candidate to gain a substantial number of votes in the general election. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Ross Perot." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Perot View on Boundless.comGNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_PerotView on Boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties

13. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties Doing which of the following might help third party candidates better compete for national office? A) Replacing the paper ballot with an electronic ballot B) Reducing the fees necessary to be put on the ballot C) Instituting a national ID card D) Changing the size of the Electoral College

14. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Interest Groups: Political Parties Doing which of the following might help third party candidates better compete for national office? A) Replacing the paper ballot with an electronic ballot B) Reducing the fees necessary to be put on the ballot C) Instituting a national ID card D) Changing the size of the Electoral College

15. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties Why haven’t third parties been a more formidable presence in American politics? A) Strong parties promote cooperation among people of diverse interests. B) Strong parties prevent gridlock. C) Strong parties convey information to voters. D) Strong parties effectively utilize social media to broaden their support among younger voters.

16. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Political Science « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Political-Science/CC BY 3.0http://www.saylor.org/majors/Political-Science/ Interest Groups: Political Parties Why haven’t third parties been a more formidable presence in American politics? A) Strong parties promote cooperation among people of diverse interests. B) Strong parties prevent gridlock. C) Strong parties convey information to voters. D) Strong parties effectively utilize social media to broaden their support among younger voters.

17. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties Third parties usually arise in the American political system when A) an economic crisis occurs. B) the two major parties fail to provide opportunities for expressing opposition to existing policies. C) the president and Congress have record-low approval numbers. D) the United States is involved in a foreign conflict or war.

18. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Political Science « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Political-Science/CC BY 3.0http://www.saylor.org/majors/Political-Science/ Interest Groups: Political Parties Third parties usually arise in the American political system when A) an economic crisis occurs. B) the two major parties fail to provide opportunities for expressing opposition to existing policies. C) the president and Congress have record-low approval numbers. D) the United States is involved in a foreign conflict or war.

19. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties American third parties A) represent only a fraction of American voters B) All of these answers C) are more ideologically oriented than the two major political parties D) can be organized entirely around a single issue

20. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Interest Groups: Political Parties American third parties A) represent only a fraction of American voters B) All of these answers C) are more ideologically oriented than the two major political parties D) can be organized entirely around a single issue

21. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties What is one crucial way that a third party can influence an election? A) By raising more funds than all other candidates B) By taking away votes from a major party candidate C) By causing more polling places to close D) By filibustering an entire presidential election

22. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Interest Groups: Political Parties What is one crucial way that a third party can influence an election? A) By raising more funds than all other candidates B) By taking away votes from a major party candidate C) By causing more polling places to close D) By filibustering an entire presidential election

23. Attribution Wikipedia. "Third party (United States)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party_(United_States) Wikipedia. "Third party (politics)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party_(politics)CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party_(politics) Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com//political-science/definition/ballot-access-lawsCC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//political-science/definition/ballot-access-laws Wiktionary. "third party." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/third+partyCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/third+party Wikipedia. "two-party system." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/two-party%20systemCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/two-party%20system Wikipedia. "Two-party system." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-party_systemCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-party_system Wikipedia. "Third party (United States)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)#Notable_electionsCC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)#Notable_elections Wiktionary. "third party." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/third+partyCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/third+party Wikipedia. "America First Party (2002)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_Party_(2002)CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_Party_(2002) Wikipedia. "Peace and Freedom Party." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_PartyCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party Wikipedia. "Third party (United States)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party_(United_States)CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_party_(United_States) Wikipedia. "two-party system." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/two-party%20systemCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/two-party%20system Wiktionary. "third party." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/third+partyCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/third+party Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Interest Groups: Political Parties