1. Chapter 20 Tobacco

2. Lesson 1 – Tobacco Use – A High Risk Behavior ► Why Young People Start Smoking  Teens feel insecure in social situations  They think smoking will make them look older  Peer Pressure  View it as a passing habit  Don’t think the negative effects are immediate  They think it will be easy to quit

3. Troubling Facts ► Every day 6000 teens start smoking and 3000 teens become regular smokers ► 9 out of 10 teen smokers continue to smoke in adulthood ► 1/3 of the people who begin smoking as teens die from smoke-related causes ► About 2.6 million packs of cigarettes are sold to minors every day

4. What Is In Cigarettes ► Nicotine – addictive drug in cigarettes  Forms a physiological and psychological dependence  Is a stimulant – drug that increases the action of the central nervous system  Is a deadly poison used as an insecticide

5. What Is In Cigarettes ► Tar – thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns  Responsible for the flavor of a cigarette  Paralyzes or destroys cilia  Several substances in tar are known as carcinogens (cancer causing agents)  There are at least 43 cancer causing agents in every puff of smoke

6. What Is In Cigarettes ► Carbon monoxide – colorless, odorless, poisonous gas that passes through the lungs into the blood  Same gas from automobile exhaust that is fatal when inhaled in large quantities  Unites with hemoglobin in red blood cells which prevents them from carrying oxygen needed for cell energy

7. Other Forms of Tobacco ► Pipe tobacco and cigars  More likely to get mouth cancer because of high levels of tar ► Specialty cigarettes  Prepared with tobacco and other ingredients  Contain more carcinogens than regular cigarettes

8. Lesson 2 What Tobacco Does To The Body ► Causes diseases of the respiratory and circulatory system ► Tobacco smoke can harm a fetus and lead to low birth weight and other health complications ► Being in the presence of cigarette smoke puts a person’s health in jeopardy

9. Effects On The Smoker ► There are short and long term effects ► Effects on the Respiratory System  Chronic bronchitis – cilia becomes useless which causes a build up of tar. This results in chronic coughing and mucus secretion  Emphysema – destruction of tiny air sacs in the lungs in which oxygen is absorbed into the body. Can cause a person to use 80% of their energy to breathe.

10. Effects On The Smoker ► Effects on the Respiratory System  Lung Cancer – leading cause of cancer deaths among males.  Lung cancer begins as bronchi are irritated by smoke. Cilia are destroyed and extra mucus can’t be expelled. This causes the smoker to cough.  Cancerous cells grow in these conditions

11. Effects On The Smoker ► Diseases of the Circulatory System  Nicotine makes the heart work harder, and speeds up the pulse  Smoking constricts blood vessels which cuts down circulation  Nicotine contributes to plaque build up in blood vessels. This leads to arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries.  These conditions lead to increased risk of heart attacks and strokes

12. Effects on Nonsmokers ► Passive smoke – inhaled by nonsmokers and remains in a closed environment after the smoker is through smoking  Mainstream smoke – blown off by the smoker  Sidestream smoke – comes from burning tobacco  These types of smoke cause eye irritation, headaches, coughing, more frequent ear infections, and asthma attacks  At least 3000 people annually die of lung cancer caused by second hand smoke

13. Rights of the Nonsmoker ► Express your preference that people not smoke around you ► Choose smoke free areas in restaurants or find establishments that do not allow smoking

14. Smoking During and After Pregnancy ► Parents who smoke contribute to at least 6200 deaths of children each year ► 2800 deaths of low birth weight babies occur every year ► 1100 deaths result from respiratory infection ► Smoking during pregnancy contributes to small fetal growth, prenatal death, and stillbirth

15. Smoking During and After Pregnancy ► Smoking can effect intellectual development, and behavioral characteristics ► Addiction can occur and carbon monoxide prevents oxygen flow to the fetus ► Children of smokers are twice as likely to suffer from poor health as those of nonsmokers

16. Smokeless Tobacco ► Tobacco sniffed through the nose or chewed ► Over 12 million regular users ► Many users start between the ages of 13 and 15 ► Many teens believe it is safer than cigarettes ► Negative effects – addiction, mouth sores, brown teeth, mouth cancer, damage to the digestive system

17. Dangers of Smokeless Tobacco ► Smokeless tobacco users secrete more saliva which is swallowed and damages the digestive and urinary systems ► Irritation from direct contact causes leukoplakia (thickened, white, leathery appearing spots in the users mouth that can develop into cancer) ► Oral cancer strikes 30,000 Americans annually. Only 50% of victims survive longer than 5 years

18. Dangers of Smokeless Tobacco ► Gum disease and early tooth loss ► Bad breath ► Discolored teeth ► Decreases the ability to smell and taste

19. Did You Know ► Smokeless tobacco sends ten times the carcinogens in the blood as cigarettes ► A can of snuff contains as much nicotine as 60 cigarettes ► From 1991 -1997 the number of women cigar smokers tripled to about 400,000 ► 2 of the most common causes of oral cancer are drinking alcohol and smoking cigars. Together they are even more deadly.

20. Lesson 3 – Choosing to be Tobacco Free ► There are many successful approaches to stopping smoking ► For success, the smoker has to see the need to quit, make a commitment, and take steps to do so ► The addicted user has to find a technique that works for them

21. Strategies for Quitting ► The user has to be aware that there will be a withdrawal period  Symptoms – nervousness, moody, difficulty sleeping ► The user may choose to reduce nicotine intake gradually  Use different type filters  Nicotine substitutes (gum, patches, nasal spray)

22. Benefits of Quitting ► Improve Cardiorespiratory endurance ► Breathe easier ► Reduces chances of heart disease ► Improve overall health ► Saves money