1. Learning about Basic Grammar rules We will be looking at what are nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs

2. Simple Rule a noun is anything you can TOUCH

3. A verb is the ACTION in the sentence you have to be able to DO it to be a verb

4. Adjectives describe the noun

5. Adverbs describe the verb – how is the action being done?

6. Learning about Basic Grammar rules The proper use of periods, question marks, exclamation marks, and commas

7. End Punctuation End punctuation are used for two reasons: – To tell the person when to stop and take a breath – To let the reader know the EMOTION of the sentence

8. Lets try to read this paragraph Once upon a time there was a young girl who lived in a magical wood this girl’s name was Penelope Penelope had beautiful blue eyes and long dark hair Penelope loved to go for walks into the dark woods behind her house on this one particular day Penelope ran into a magic frog Do you know what happened next That frog jumped into her face and before she knew what has happening Penelope turned into a frog she was doomed to live on a lily pad in the forest forever poor Penelope.

9. Periods, questions, exclamation marks Declarative sentences use a period to show a statement, providing information, or a fact. Interrogative sentences use a question mark to show when a question is being asked Exclamatory sentences use an exclamation mark when you want the reader to see urgency, emotion, or excitement about something that is happening.

10. Lets try to read this paragraph Once upon a time there was a young girl who lived in a magical wood This girl’s name was Penelope Penelope had beautiful blue eyes and long dark hair Penelope loved to go for walks into the dark woods behind her house On this one particular day, Penelope ran into a magic frog Do you know what happened next That frog jumped into her face and before she knew what was happening, Penelope turned into a frog She was doomed to live on a lily pad in the forest forever Poor Penelope

11. Commas are important

12. Commas, You use a comma to tell the reader to take a short breath or a slight pause before continuing You use a comma to separate a list of items or actions in your writing To separate a month and day from the year or parts of an address To separate dependent clauses from independent clauses To set off dialogue (which we will look at when we do quotations)

13. Read the paragraphs and add any needed commas. Jenny my best friend from summer camp is coming for a visit this weekend. Although she is from a big city with a lot of exciting things to do I am sure she will enjoy visiting our farm. She will enjoy swimming in our pond riding horses and picking berries for pies. My brother is afraid she will get bored on our farm but I think she will love it here. With all of the things Mom and I have planned she won't have time to be bored. I'm afraid she will however be very tired each night. Maybe this visit will be so much fun she will want to come back again next summer. (9 missing commas)

14. Quotations

15. Learning about Quotations “ “ Quotations are used when someone is directly talking in a written piece of work The quotation marks go around the front of EXACTLY what the person is saying and the end of EXACTLY what the person said. They are also used around the titles of stories, songs, books, movies, TV shows and poems Commas, question marks, exclamation marks and periods go inside the quotations

16. Learning about capitalization

17. Learning about Capitalization At the START of EVERY sentence the first word ALWAYS gets a capital Proper Nouns are ALWAYS capitalized, for example – names of people, places, products, organizations, etc. – main words in the title of books, stories, movies, songs, etc. – days of the week, months and holidays When you are talking about yourself and you use the word I, it is your name and your name ALWAYS gets a capital.

19. What is a simple sentence? Simple sentences are also called independent clauses (can stand all by itself) A simple sentence has a subject and a predicate. This means there is a noun and an action that the noun does (verb).

20. What is a simple sentence? Simple sentences can be very short, consisting of only one word (a noun) for the subject and one word (a verb) for the predicate John laughed.

21. What is a simple sentence? Simple sentences can also be long, although they still consist of one subject (a noun and modifiers) and one predicate (a verb and other elements). The tall, good-looking boy with the curly blond hair laughed wildly at his best friend’s suggestion.

22. What is a simple sentence? A sentence that contains either just a subject or predicate is called a sentence fragment. A sentence fragment fails to be a sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by itself….something is missing.

23. Sentence Fragment? 1.Went home after lunch. 2.Sam and Sherry went to class. 3.The students in the class

25. What is a compound sentence? Compound sentences are made up of two simple sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction. These conjunctions are also known as FANBOYS… F – For (cause/effect) A – And (addition/next action) N – Nor (not one nor the other) B – But (opposition/unexpected results) O – Or (choice between two) Y – Yet (opposition/unexpected results) S – So (cause/effect)

26. Addition / Next Action addition -> Tom enjoys playing tennis, and he likes cooking. next action -> We drove home, and we went to bed.

27. Opposition - Unexpected Results opposition  We wanted to visit our friends, but we didn't have enough money to get a flight. Unexpected result  Janet did very well on her job interview, yet she didn't get the position.

28. Cause / Effect cause -> Mary needed some new clothing, so she went shopping. effect -> They stayed home for the holiday, for they had to work.

29. Choice Between Two We thought we might go to see a film, or we might have dinner out. Angela said she might buy him a watch, or she might give him a gift certificate.

30. Not One nor the Other We won't be able to visit our friends, nor will they be able to visit us this summer. Sharon isn't going to the conference, nor is she going to present there.

31. 1)Mary thinks she should go to school. She wants to get qualifications for a new profession. 2)Alan invested a lot of money in the business. The business went bankrupt. 3)Doug didn't understand the homework assignment. He asked the teacher for help. 4)The students didn't prepare for the test. They didn't realize how important the test was. 5)Susan thinks she should stay home and relax. She also thinks she should go on vacation. 6)The doctors looked at the x-rays. They decided to operate on the patient. 7)We went out on the town. We came home late. 8)Jack flew to London to visit his Uncle. He also wanted to visit the National Museum. 9)It is sunny. It is very cold. 10)Henry studied very hard for the test. He passed with high marks. 11)I would like to play tennis today. If I don't play tennis, I would like to play golf. 12)We needed some food for the week. We went to the supermarket. 13)Tom asked his teacher for help. He also asked his parents for help. 14)Janet doesn't like sushi. She doesn't like any kind of fish.

32. 1.Mary thinks she should go to school, for she wants to get qualifications for a new profession. 2.Alan invested a lot of money in the business, but the business went bankrupt. 3.Doug didn't understand the homework assignment, so he asked the teacher for help. 4.The students didn't prepare for the test, nor did they realize how important the test was. 5.Susan thinks she should stay home and relax, or she should go on vacation. 6.The doctors looked at the x-rays, so they decided to operate on the patient. 7.We went out on the town, and we came home late. 8.Jack flew to London to visit his Uncle, and to visit the National Museum. 9.It is sunny, but it is very cold. 10.Henry studied very hard for the test, so passed with high marks. 11.I would like to play tennis today, or I would like to play golf. 12.We needed some food for the week, so We went to the supermarket. 13.Tom asked his teacher for help, and he asked his parents. 14.Janet doesn't like sushi, nor does she like any kind of fish.

34. What is a complex sentence? A complex sentence has an independent clause ( a simple sentence that can stand all by itself and still make sense) and a dependent clause ( an extra part of the sentence that is incomplete without the independent clause)

35. What is a complex sentence? Complex sentences are often formed by putting these words at the beginning of the dependent clause: as, as if, before, after, because, although, even though, while, when, whenever, if, during, as soon as, as long as, since, until, unless, where, who, which and wherever. These words are called subordinating conjunctions

36. Examples of Complex Sentences After I came home, I made dinner. (dependent clause: After I came home) (independent clause: I made dinner) We visited the museum, before it closed. (dependent clause: before it closed.) (independent clause: We visited the museum)

37. Identify the Clauses 1.Because the bridge wasn't properly maintained by the government, it fell down. 2.He'll be able to maintain a healthy weight if he keeps exercising. 3.Whenever they eat at this restaurant, they order a hamburger and fries. 4.He wants to eat cake for dessert, although he ate a really big dinner

38. Quiz time http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/languag e_arts/sentence_types/quiz2832.html http://www.softschools.com/quizzes/languag e_arts/sentence_types/quiz2832.html