1. Chapter 2 Section 3: Europeans Compete in North America Focus Question: How did the conflicts in Europe spur exploration in North America? King Henry VIII Pictures From: http://northernblue.org/tmach/globalbir/06jun/jun28henryviii.jpg, http://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-ermine.jpg, http://media- 2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/09/62109-004-D4AD3293.jpg, and http://www.dover-kent.co.uk/people/images/pic_elizabeth_i_armada.jpghttp://northernblue.org/tmach/globalbir/06jun/jun28henryviii.jpghttp://englishhistory.net/tudor/eliz1-ermine.jpghttp://media- 2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/09/62109-004-D4AD3293.jpghttp://www.dover-kent.co.uk/people/images/pic_elizabeth_i_armada.jpg Queen Elizabeth I Henry Hudson Spanish Armada

2. Conflicts in Europe Picture Form: http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/images/king-philip-ii-spain.jpghttp://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/images/king-philip-ii-spain.jpg  In Europe many religious conflicts were taking place  Sweden Denmark and other European nations were calling for REFORM and splitting from the Catholic Church  France, Switzerland, Scotland, and the Netherlands were starting protestant churches  English Protestants found an ally in King Henry VIII of England

3. Henry the VIII Henry the VIII needed a male heir to the throne of England Problem: He was getting girls Mary I Elizabeth I He wanted a divorce and the Catholic church would not grant him one He decides to break away from the catholic church and start the church of England This causes conflicts with Spain because he divorces Catherine who was the cousin of the King of Spain

4. Economic Crisis Question # 14: How did economic concerns among European nations lead to conflicts? Because European nations needed gold and goods from colonies to gain the wealth needed to strengthen their armies they began competing for control of ocean trading routes & the Americas.

5. Economics and Mercantilism Home Country Trades to acquire wealth Colonies Can only trade with the Home “mother Country RAW MATERIALS MAUFACTURED GOODS

6. Mercantilism: The colonies existed to make the home country wealthy and powerful =

7. Defeat of the Spanish Armada Protestant English ruler Queen Elizabeth started a new rivalry with King Philip II of Catholic Spain English capturing Spanish ships at sea also made the relationship between the two European Super Powers strained 1588 King Philip has a 130 ships (The Spanish Armada) together and hopes this will force Elizabeth off the throne of England

8. Defeat of the Spanish Armada Instead, Elizabeth sends her fleet of ships to attack the Armada stationed off the coast of France The English CRUSH the Spanish Armada The defeat of the Spanish Armada weakened Spain and strengthened England and France This shift in political balance of power opened the door even further for France and England’s exploration of North America

9. Asia Continues To Beckon Explorers realized that North America was not Asia, but a land no one had ever seen before. Europeans first realized the riches of the east during the CRUSADES and wanted those riches for themselves They wanted to still find the all water route to Asia for a shorter trade route and to cut out the “middle man”, meaning trading for goods from the Orient with the Middle Eastern Countries

10. Northwest Passage A sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific that passed through or around North America John Cabot, and Italian explorer decided to set out to find this In 1497 he left England and explored the area around present day Newfoundland In 1498 he explored the east coast of NA as far south as the Chesapeake Bay

11. John Cabot’s Routes Pictures and Map from: http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/ben/mass/images/cabot.jpghttp://people.bu.edu/wwildman/ben/mass/images/cabot.jpg

12. Giovanni da Verrazano Verrazano was Italian, but sailed for the king of France He explored around the Atlantic Coast and discovered the mouth of the Hudson River and New York Bay

13. Jacques Cartier Sailed for France Discovered and explored the area around the St. Lawrence River Also, explored around present-day Montreal Pictures From: http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/00/13700-004-3C9AEF95.jpghttp://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/00/13700-004-3C9AEF95.jpg