1. Grammar Notecards

2. Noun Definition (part of speech) A person place, thing, or idea Possible Job(s): Subject, object of the preposition, predicate nominative Label/Diagram n Other Hints  One word only  Words ending in ‘ion’ are often nouns

3. Proper Noun Definition (part of speech) The name of a person place, thing, or idea Possible Job(s): Subject, object of the preposition, predicate nominative Label/Diagram pn ---pn--- Other Hints  Always start with a capital letter  If more than one word, add wings (lines)

4. Article Definition (part of speech) a, an, the Possible Job(s): modifier Label/Diagram art Other Hints  Always come in front of the noun they modify  Answers the question “Which [noun]?”

5. Adjective Definition (part of speech) Describe or modify nouns and pronouns Possible Job(s): modifier, predicate adjective Label/Diagram adj Other Hints  Usually come in front of the noun they modify  Answers question “Which [noun]?”

6. Pronoun Definition (part of speech) A word that takes the place of one or more nouns Possible Job(s): Subject, object of the preposition, predicate nominative (rarely) Label/Diagram pro Other Hints  The word the pronoun replaces is the antecedent

7. Preposition Definition (part of speech) A word used to show the relationship between two nouns Possible Job(s): modifier Label/Diagram pp Other Hints  BUT AL DOES  The mouse goes _____ the box  Ends with a noun/pronoun

8. Object of the Preposition Definition (job) The noun at the end of a prepositional phrase Label/DiagramOther Hints Will always be…  Noun  Pronoun  Proper noun

9. Modifier Definition (job) A word or group of words that gives more information about something Label/ DiagramOther Hints Will always be…  Adjective  Adverb  Article  Prepositional Phrase  Other phrases and clauses

10. Subject Definition (job) The star of the sentence; does the action of the verb Label/DiagramOther Hints Will always be…  Noun  Pronoun  Proper noun

11. Action Verb Definition (part of speech) A word that expresses mental or physical action Possible Job(s): verb Label/Diagram av Other Hints  If a verb doesn’t have a subject, then it is a verbal (and should be labeled ‘v’)

12. Adverb Definition (part of speech) “All-purpose modifier”; modifies verbs, adjectives, or another adverb Possible Job(s): modifier Label/Diagram adv Other Hints  Mainly end in ‘ly’  Adverbs that modify verbs are moveable  If an adverb modifies another modifier, a “dog’s hind leg” is used  Answers “How?” “When?” “Where?” “Why?” “To what extent?”

13. Direct Object Definition (job) The person or thing receiving the action of the verb The second noun in a sentence in a Pattern 2 (N-AV-N) sentence Label/DiagramOther Hints  It will always be a noun or pronoun  To find the direct object say the subject, the verb, and ask “What?”

14. Indirect Object Definition (job) Something that is affected by the action of the verb The second noun in a sentence in a Pattern 3 (N-AV-N- N) sentence Label/DiagramOther Hints  It will always be a noun or pronoun  There can never be an indirect object without a direct object

15. Linking Verb Definition (part of speech) A word that links its subject with a noun (or pronoun) or an adjective The subject of the verb is BEING something Label/Diagram lv Other Hints  If a linking verb is present, the sentence will be either Pattern 4 or Pattern 5

16. Predicate Nominative Definition (job) The noun that follows a linking verb The second noun in a N-LV-N (Pattern 4) sentence Label/DiagramOther Hints  It will always be a noun or pronoun  It is always THE SAME THING as the subject

17. Predicate Adjective Definition (job) The adjective that follows a linking verb The second noun in a N-LV-ADJ (Pattern 5) sentence Label/Diagram p-adj Other Hints  It will always be describing the subject

18. Helping Verb Definition (part of speech) A word or words which comes before a verb (av or lv) and helps form different tenses. Label/Diagram hv Other Hints  Together, the helping verb and the “real” verb make up the verb phrase.  Helping verbs will not always be right next to the av or lv

19. Conjunction Definition (part of speech) A word (or words) that joins the same kind of word/phrase Label/Diagram conj (see Compound Situations notes for diagrams) Other Hints  Fox example: a conjunction can join two subjects together and we would call that a compound subject