1. Writing Prompt I. Would you work a company that has never and would never have a woman CEO or other high level executives? Explain. Do you support going after the families of known terrorist as a way to hurt them? Explain II. Think of a time, when you expected to be a part of a group and the group made you feel like an outsider. What do you think distinguished you from that group? How did they treat you? How did it affect you?

2. The Medieval Church & Jews

3. The Church Dominates Medieval Life The Role of the Parish Priest Parrish priest celebrated mass and administered the sacraments. Sacraments are rituals that Catholics believe will lead to salvation or everlasting life with God. Also preached Church teachings and explained the stories from the Bible. Eventually, they ran schools. 7 Sacraments Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Penance Anointing of the sick Holy Order Matrimony

4. The Church Dominates Medieval Life The importance of the Village Church Social and religious center Largest and highest public building Daily life revolved around a Christian calendar. From baptism to burial Church required tithe or tax from each person Church Attitudes Toward Women Men & women are equal in the eyes of God On Earth, weak and led to sin. Needed guidance of men. Mary became the ideal woman. Hence, virgin, modest, and pure. Marriage: arranged, 12 legal age of marriage for girls, expected to give a dowry to the man’s family. Could enter convent to escape marriage or peasant life

5. Church Power Grows Church Role in Society Papal Supremacy: God’s representative on Earth. Absolute authority over all secular and spiritual maters Controlled the Papal States and commanded armies Allied with kings throughout Europe. Religious authority and political power Used fear of eternal hell to control subjects Canon laws or church law to govern life. Range of penalties to control the masses Excommunication: to be denied entry to heaven. Guaranteed eternal hell. Interdict: order that excluded an entire town, manor, or kingdom from performing sacraments.

6. Jews in Medieval Europe Heavily concentrated on the Iberian peninsula under Muslim rule. Hub of culture and academic. Jews served as officials in Muslim courts. Lived side by side with Christians. Many were money lenders. Had to pay tax for not converting. Increasing intolerance and viewed with suspicion. Couldn’t own land. Restricted to Jewish quarters. Migration towards Eastern Europe began as a result.

7. Checkpoint Questions 1) What role did the Church play in the daily lives of medieval Christians? It played a large role; sacraments marked important life events, and the Church provided moral guidance, and help for the sick and needy, built schools, monasteries. 2) Describe monastic life according to Benedictine Rule. It is a life of poverty, chastity, and obedience to the abbot or abbess. Time is spent in worship, work, and study.

8. Checkpoint Questions 3) How did the Church gain secular power? The Church gained economic and political power from owning land and from churchmen serving in government positions. Popes also used the threat of excommunication and interdict to force rulers to obey them. 4) How did monks contribute to the reform of the Church? First, they reformed their own monasteries. Then a former monk, Gregory VII, became Pope and made church-wide reforms. Finally new orders reached beyond the monasteries.

9. Checkpoint Questions 5) How were Jews treated in medieval Europe? At first Jews were treated relatively well in Muslim Spain and in Western Europe. They were taxed but were respected and given positions at court. Persecution of Jews became sever in the late 1000s.

10. Assessment 2) How did the Church play a vital role in medieval life? Through sacraments and rituals, moral guidance, and service to the sick and needy, the Church dominated daily life. Churchmen gave moral guidance to rulers. 3) How did monks and nuns contribute to medieval life? They provided health and educational services, made advances in agriculture, copied ancient manuscripts, and provided opportunities for women.

11. 4a) How did the Church increase its secular power? It used the threat of excommunication and interdict. It amassed land, wealth, and military forces. 4b) How did riches and power lead to Church abuses and then to reforms? As wealth increased, discipline and piety weakened. Abuses led popes to outlaw abuses and to limit the power of secular rulers in Church affairs. Friars started new orders based on poverty and service. 5) Why did attitudes toward Jews change in medieval Europe? Most Europeans had come to define themselves as a Christian society. Jews were outside the Church and therefore outside the social and economic structure of the Christian community.