1. End of Chapter 6 Types of Bones and Bone Markings And Chapter 7

2. Fig. 6.3 Types of bones Flat bones have flat, thin surfaces, mostly same thickness across bone sandwich of spongy bone between compact bone layers large surfaces for muscle attachment Flat bone (frontal bone)

3. Fig. 6.3 Short bone (tarsal bone) Types of bones Short bones nearly equal length and width sort of similar to cuboidal cells exterior of compact bone interior of spongy bone Include sesamoid bones tiny, seed-shaped bones along some tendons

4. Fig. 6.3 Irregular bone (vertebra) Types of bones Irregular bones irregular shapes don’t fit in other categories compact bone with spongy bone inside

5. Fig. 6.3 Long bone (femur) Types of bones Long bones Longer than wide cylindrical shaft increase length (grow) at ends

6. Fig. 6.4 Proximal epiphysis Metaphysis Diaphysis (shaft) Metaphysis Distal epiphysis (a) Anterior view Parts of long bones Epiphysis knobby region strengthens bone provides surface for bone-to-bone articulation joint surface covered by layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage provides surface for tendon and ligament attachment

7. Fig. 6.4 Proximal epiphysis Metaphysis Diaphysis (shaft) Metaphysis Distal epiphysis (a) Anterior view Parts of long bones Metaphysis Contains region of growth (in growing bone) called epiphyseal (growth) plate In adults, growing region epiphyseal plate becomes layer of compact bone called epiphyseal line Diaphysis Shaft of bone

8. Fig. 6.4 Articular cartilage Spongy bone (contains red bone marrow) Epiphyseal line Compact bone Nutrient artery and vein through nutrient foramen Medullary cavity (contains yellow bone marrow in adult) Epiphyseal line Articular cartilage Sectional view Parts of long bones Ends of bone contain red bone marrow in spongy bone Cavity in shaft called medullary cavity red marrow in children yellow marrow in adults

9. Parts of long bones Internal surfaces of bone (such as medullary cavity) lined with endosteum incomplete layer of cells contains bone stem cells contains cells for dissolving and rebuilding bone active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling

10. Bone markings: Holes and hole-like things foramen = hole fissure = elongate hole or crack

11. Bone markings: Holes and hole-like things meatus = tube-like opening canal = tube-like opening sinus = cavity or hollow space in bone

12. fossa = depression often indentation that receives articulating bone means “ditch” 3 fossae inside inferior cranium anterior cranial fossa middle cranial fossa posterior cranial fossa Bone markings Flat things and grooves

13. sulcus = elongated depression or groove means “trench” intertubercular sulcus

14. Bone markings Rounded bumps condyle = knuckle-like rounded bump that fits into a joint means knuckle epicondyle = bump near a condyle for muscle attachment condyles epicondyles

15. Bone markings Rounded bumps trochanter = very large bump for muscle attachment means runner tuberosity = oblong, raised bump for muscle attachment tuber means bump or lump tubercle = small tuberosity trochanters tubercle tuberosity

16. Bone markings Other bumps head = distinct endpiece of long bone neck = narrow portion of longbone usually below head head neck

17. Bone markings Projections process = any bone projection or significantly raised area spine = sharp, pointed process AKA spinous process for muscle attachment

18. Bone markings ramus = branching horn (like a ram’s horn) ramus of mandible

19. Bone markings angle = inside or outside corner around boundary of bone border = edge of bone notch = v-like cut out of margin or flat area body = main part of bone angle of mandible border of mandible notch of mandible

20. Bone markings Flat things and grooves crest = moderately raised ridge usually site for muscle attachment

21. Bone markings Flat things and grooves facet = flat surface that forms a joint with another facet or flat bone means “little face” facet

22. Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton-Skull

23. Coronal suture Lambdoid suture Squamous suture Parietal bone Occipital bone Frontal bone Temporal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Saggital suture (between parietal bones)

24. Fig. 7.10 Coronal suture Glabella Superciliary arch Supraorbital margin Zygomatic process Supraorbital foramen (notch) Orbital part Frontal bone, anterior view

25. Fig. 7.11 Sagittal suture Parietal foramen Superior temporal line Inferior temporal line Parietal bone, lateral view Squamous suture Coronal suture Lambdoid suture

26. Fig. 7.12 Squamous suture Squamous part Zygomatic process External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Right temporal bone, external (lateral) view Articular tubercle Mandibular fossa

27. Fig. 7.12 Squamous suture Zygomatic process Styloid process (b) Right temporal bone, internal (medial) view Mastoid process Internal acoustic meatus

28. Fig. 7.13 Hypoglossal canal Occipital condyle Condylar canal Foramen magnum External occipital crest Inferior nuchal line Superior nuchal line External occipital protuberance (a) Occipital bone, external (inferior) view

29. Fig. 7.13 Hypoglossal canal Basilar part Jugular notch Foramen magnum Lambdoid suture (b) Occipital bone, internal (superior) view

30. Fig. 7.17 Frontal lobe of cerebrum Temporal lobe of cerebrum Cerebellum (a) Lateral view Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa

31. Fig. 7.17 Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa Cribriform plate Lesser wing of sphenoid Sella turcica Foramen ovale Jugular foramen Foramen magnum (b) Superior view Carotid canal

33. Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Vomer Palatine bone Anterior viewLateral view Ethmoid bone Vomer Palatine bone Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone Inferior nasal concha Vomer Palatine bone

34. Optic canal Sella turcica Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Greater wing Lesser wing

35. Superior orbital fissure Greater wing

36. Crista galli Cribriform plate (a) Ethmoid bone, superior view Orbital plate Ethmoidal sinuses Crista galli Superior nasal concha Orbital plate (b) Ethmoid bone, anterior view Perpendicular plate Cribriform plate

37. Fig. 7.18 Frontal process Orbital surface (partially obscured) Maxillary process Right zygomatic bone, lateral view Temporal process

38. Zygomatic arch Zygomatic process of temporal bone Temporal process of zygomatic bone

39. Vomer, anterior view Vomer, lateral view Anterior Posterior Vertical plate Ala

40. Right palatine bone, anterior view Right palatine bone, medial view Horizontal plate Perpendicular plate Orbital process

41. Right maxilla, lateral view Frontal process Alveolar process Infraorbital foramen Zygomatic process Anterior nasal spine Orbital surface

42. Right maxilla, medial view Frontal process Alveolar process Maxillary sinus Palatine process Anterior nasal spine Orbital surface

43. Condylar process Body Mandible, lateral view Coronoid process Mandibular foramen Mental foramen Angle of mandible Mandibular notch Alveolar process mandibular fossa of temporal bone

44. Body Hyoid bone, anterior view Hyoid bone

45. Superior orbital fissure Inferior orbital fissure (between sphenoid and zygomatic bones) Optic canal

46. Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone Nasal bone Vomer Inferior nasal concha Temporal bone Lacrimal bone Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

47. Parietal bone Squamous suture Lambdoid suture Sutural bone Temporal bone External acoustic meatus Occipital bone Styloid process Zygomatic arch Zygomatic process of temporal bone Temporal process of zygomatic bone Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Nasal bone Lacrimal bone Zygomatic bone Ethmoid bone Maxilla Mandible Mental foramen

48. Hard palate Maxilla Palatine bone Vomer Sphenoid bone Foramen ovale Jugular foramen Occipital bone Zygomatic arch Temporal process of zygomatic bone Zygomatic process of temporal bone External occipital protuberance Lambdoid suture Foramen magnum Hypoglossal canal Occipital condyle Mandibular fossa Styloid process Carotid canal