1. Skeletal System

2. Entrance Question Explain the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems?

3. Answer: The body is organized into cells, tissues, organs, organs systems. Cells that have similar functions make up tissue; two or more types of tissue work together to form an organ; organs work together to form a system.

4. Objective 3.2 Relate major tissues and organs of the skeletal system to their functions.

5. Objectives Functions –Name 3 of the 4 functions of the skeletal system. –Name 1 mineral that is stored by the bones. –Identify where blood cells are made. Structures –Identify which division of the skeleton is for protection and which is for movement. –Name 1 place cartilage is located and explain what it does. –Explain the difference between a ligament and a tendon. –If you break a bone how does it heal? What is the process called? –Label 8 bones on the skeletal system diagram.

6. Let’s ask the experts What is the skeletal system? http://www.brainpop.com/health/skeletals ystem/skeleton/http://www.brainpop.com/health/skeletals ystem/skeleton/

7. Functions of the Skeletal System: 1. Movement –Strong framework on which muscles can act 2. Supports & protects organs 3. Regulates and stores body minerals and fats –calcium, phosphorus 4. Produces red and white blood cells in bone marrow

8. Bone One of the hard parts forming the skeleton in vertebrate animals.

9. Bones are composed of tissue that may take one of two form. Most bones contain both types. Compact- dense bone Spongy- cancellous bone

10. Compact bone- is dense, hard, and forms the protective exterior portion of all bones. Spongy bone- is inside the compact bone and is very porous (full of tiny holes) occurs in most bones.

11. Red marrow Yellow marrow Structure of bones

12. http://www.brainpop.com/health/sk eletalsystem/bonestructure/

13. Bone tissue The bone tissue is composed of several types of bone cells embedded in a web of inorganic salts (mostly calcium and phosphorus) to give the bone strength and collagenous fibers and ground substance to give the bone flexibility.

14. Bone marrow- the soft reddish substance inside the center of many bones that is involved in the production of blood cells and storage of fat.

15. Types of bone marrow Yellow marrow- yellow fatty tissue that fills the central cavities of long and stores fat in bones. In children, more red marrow fills the center of long bones. Red marrow- is the site of red and white blood cell production. It is found inside of long bones. This red marrow is replaced with yellow marrow as children become adults.

16. Food for thought Why do children have more red marrow in the center of their bones than adults?

17. Write this down. adult skeleton- –206 bones Newborn have more cartilage a.Bones start as cartilage b.Human babies contains more bones which begin to fuse together as the child grows.

18. Development of Skeleton Bone tissue is stained red. Note development of the skull (suture lines), rib cage, and extremities.

19. No bones about it! The bones of the body fall into four general categories: 1.Long bones 2.Short bones 3.Flat bones 4.Irregular bones

20. Four types of bones Long bones – extremities Short bones – cube-shaped, wrist & ankle Flat bones – skull, sternum, scapula, ribs Irregular bones – vertebrae, pelvis Let’s review each one.

21. Long Bones Are longer than they are wide Work as levers Upper and lower extremities (examples- humerus, tibia, femur, ulna, metacarpals, etc.)

22. Short Bones –minimal or no shaft –Often square or cube shaped and found in the wrist and ankles.

23. Flat Bone Skull Two sheets of compact bone Spongy bone They have broad surfaces for protection of organs and attachment of muscles.

24. Irregular bones Bones of the face and vertebrae They have varied shapes, sizes and surface features. All other bones that do not fall into the previous categories.

25. metacarpals phalanges (aka cranium) scapula metatarsals tarsals phalanges carpals

26. Cartilage Lines the surface of joints so they move smoothly Cushions vertebrae Supports nose and ears

27. Movement Ligaments –Bone to bone at a joint Prevents excessive movement Tendons –Muscle to muscle –Muscle to bone Play the air piano!!…what you see in your hands are your tendons working

28. Care Nutrition: minerals –Calcium builds strong bones Found in dairy products During teen years, body builds most of its bone mass –Phosphorus Combines with calcium Milk, peas, beans, liver, cottage cheese, broccoli Exercise –Weight-bearing exercises increase bone mass –Promotes blood circulation which increases bone nourishment 99% of body calcium is in your bones!!!

29. Fractures Fracture: any type of break 2 types –Closed (aka simple) Nothing protrudes/sticks out –Open ( aka compound) One or both bone ends project through skin

30. Compound Fracture

31. Simple fracture

32. Osteoporosis Bone density decreases –Bones become brittle and easily fractured –Women are more vulnerable Osteo = bones Porosis =full of holes Osteoporosis Normal Bone Spine compression

33. Joints- A part of the body where bones are connected.

34. Types of joints

35. Move this way Ball-and-socket circular movement (shoulder and hip) Hinge backward and forward (knee and elbow) Pivot allows the head to rotate Gliding/sliding bones of the wrist and ankle Cartilaginous joints in the skull; aka immovable

36. http://www.brainpop.com/health/sk eletalsystem/joints/

37. Want to see something interesting?

38. A condition that causes abnormal shortness of the metatarsal bones. The person is born with this condition.

39. Exit question Describe four important functions of the skeletal system.