1. Badam Halwa of Embedded Systems Version 1.1 Shakthi Kannan shakthimaan.com February 2009 GNU Free Documentation License

2. System Architecture Applications Middleware Operating System Hardware

3. Compilation

4. Cross- Compilation

5. Build... machine you are building on Host... machine you are building for Target... machine that GCC will produce code for

6. Building Toolchain x86 arm sparc x86 arm x86 Build Host Target NativeCrossCanadian

7. Inter pre tation

8. Where is the Badam Halwa?

9. Static Library libopcodes.a S-h-a-r-e-d Library libopcodes-2.17.so

10. von Neumann architecture Harvard architecture

11. Micro controller 8051 Micro processor ARM Intel

12. SoC Atmel AT91RM9200 ARM920T Cirrus Maverick EP9307 STMicroelectronics “Nomadik” TI OMAP2410

13. CISC RISC Intel PentiumARM Motorola 68000Xscale VAX PowerPC PDP-11 SPARC MIPS AVR

14. Booting Hard disk Flash Network USB RAM

15. BIOS Bootloader u-boot RedBoot

16. Bootloader Kernel Ramdisk Storage

17. Monolithic Kernels Linux BSD Microkernels GNU Mach L4

18. Memory- mapped I/O Port-mapped I/O

19. Are you going to give the Badam Halwa or not?

20. Little Endian 0x0000 0000 0x0000 000c LSB MSB naidnE giB 0x0000 0000 0x0000 0009 MSB LSB

21. Process T h r e a d s

22. System calls open() close() read() write() exec() fork() kill()

23. Block- ing Non-blocking

24. Synchronous Asy nchron ous

25. IPC Pipes FIFO Mutex Semaphores Message Queues Shared Memory

26. Polling POP fetch e-mail Interrupts Ethernet Keyboard

27. 74 68 61 6E 6B 79 6F 75