1. Rome- End of Empire P. 339-343

2. Territory  Reduced because emperors fear empire is too large to defend and too large to rule

3. External Threats  Attacked on many sides –Germanic tribes- North border –Persian army- East border –Berbers- African border

4. Internal Threats  People abandon border land due to raids  Germanic tribes move in on land and ignore Roman law  Disease  Increase taxes for defense

5. Diocletian  200’s AD- ruled –Split empire into 2 parts  East- Diocletian ruled  West

6. Constantine  Moved capital to Byzantium which he renamed Constantinople  People left Rome- no longer a power  Rome still headquarters of Christian Church

7. Raids  Huns move into SE Europe and displace the Goths  Goths- Visigoths and Ostrogoths- flee to Roman lands  East empire defeats Goths  West empire defeated  410BC- Visigoths sack Rome  Attacked by Vandals, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Franks  476 AD- foreign general overthrow last emperor and declares himself King of Italy- end of Western Roman Empire

8. Causes of Fall  1. size of empire  Too big to defend  Too big to govern effectively  2. political crisis- corruption widespread  3. wealthy had own armies- used to take power  4. population decrease  Schools close  Taxes increase  Prices soar

9. Byzantine Empire  Eastern Roman Empire- covers Greece, Balkans, and Asia Minor  Thought of themselves as Romans  Spoke Greek

10. Justinian I  527 AD- ruled  began conquering lands lost by Rome  Mediterranean Sea= “Roman Lake”  Ordered written law code- Justinian Code- basis of legal system today  Built economy –Constantinople became meeting place for merchants –Develop new industries- silk trade  Taxes paid for building projects –ex: Hagia Sophia- mosaics

11. Theodora  Justinian’s wife –Improved the lives of women  New laws fair to women  Parents could now leave property to daughters  Helped chose leaders based on ability not social class ex: Belisarius- general of army

12. Religion  Difference in opinions on the use of icons (pictures) in Church. Some believe pictures were idols  Byzantine patriarchs (church leaders) against icons.  Western church leaders for icons  726 AD- Leo ordered icons destroyed  780 AD- Irene ordered icons could be used as long as pray to God.  1054BC- Church splits  Church in Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox Church- based in Constantinople  Church in Western Europe- Roman Catholic Church- based in Rome