1. Luis Nunes WIGOS Project Office OSCAR/Surface The Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review tool for Surface-based observations

2. Outline I.OSCAR and the RRR II.The three Databases of OSCAR III.The WIGOS Metadata Standard IV.The Website of OSCAR/Surface V.The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments VI.Implementation and Training efforts

3. Outline I.OSCAR and the RRR II.The three Databases of OSCAR III.The WIGOS Metadata Standard IV.The Website of OSCAR/Surface V.The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments VI.Implementation and Training efforts

4. The Observing Systems Capability Analysis and Review tool - OSCAR Web-based platform for WIGOS o Land, air, ocean and space observations o Current and historic metadata o Requirements vs capabilities (RRR) o Facilitating network planning o For all WMO Application Areas o Supporting your service to society.

5. The Rolling Review of Requirements (RRR) Congress resolution: All WMO and WMO co-sponsored observing systems shall use the RRR to design networks, plan evolution and assess performance. RRR is the WMO process to collect, check and record user requirements for all WMO application areas and match them against observational capabilities Statements of Guidance are the result of gap analysis: They show us how well each application area is supported by WIGOS;

6. The WMO Application Areas 1.Global numerical weather prediction 2.High-resolution numerical weather prediction 3.Nowcasting and very short range forecasting 4.Seasonal and inter-annual forecasting 5.Aeronautical meteorology 6.Forecasting atmospheric composition 7.Monitoring atmospheric composition 8.Atmospheric composition for urban applications 9.Ocean applications 10. Agricultural meteorology 11. Hydrology 12. Climate monitoring (as undertaken through GCOS) 13. Climate applications 14. Space weather

7. The WIGOS Pre-Operational Phase (2016-2019) Five main priority areas: I. National WIGOS Implementation, coordination and governance mechanisms II. WIGOS Regulatory Material, supplemented with necessary guidance material III. WIGOS Information Resource, including OSCAR, especially OSCAR/Surface IV. WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System (WDQMS) V. Regional Structure; Regional WIGOS Centers Priority areas III and IV will enable us to: Describe what WIGOS is, and Measure how well it performs Initial role of this priority area (RWCs): Provide support for areas III and IV

8. Outline I.OSCAR and the RRR II.The three Databases of OSCAR III.The WIGOS Metadata Standard IV.The Website of OSCAR/Surface V.The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments VI.Implementation and Training efforts

9. OSCAR WIGOS and the RRR are supported by 3 databases of OSCAR: OSCAR/Requirements, Requirements for observations (each application area) independent of technology, Expressed in units of geophysical variables (260 in total currently); not just atmosphere, also terrestrial, ocean, cryosphere, … OSCAR/Space Capabilities of all satellite sensors, whether historical, operational or planned OSCAR/Surface Surface-based capabilities; developed by MeteoSwiss for WMO oscar.wmo.int/surface "What is WIGOS"

10. OSCAR/Requirements For each application area and for all relevant variables, the following requirements are included: Spatial resolution (horizontal and vertical) Temporal resolution (Observing cycle) Uncertainty, Data latency, Each requirement is expressed in terms of 3 separate values: Threshold (observations not useful unless this is met) Break-through (optimum cost-benefit ratio) Goal (exceeding this provides no additional benefit) Established by CBS and other WMO Expert Teams and Task Teams with contributions from the scientific community e.g. WIGOS/ GAW Workshop on Requirements for Observations of Atmospheric Composition, Geneva, Nov. 2014

11. Example of Variable: horizontal wind

12. Example of Variable: horizontal wind (cont)

13. OSCAR/Space Metadata about all satellite sensors (past, present and future) relevant to WMO Programs and Application Areas: Instrument type, measurement technique Instrument characteristics (mass, power, data rate) Programmatic information, e.g. agency, measurement program, operating period, heritage, etc. Orbit, coverage, repeat frequency, resolution Geophysical variables that can be derived from the sensors measurements, listed in order of decreasing fidelity Unique to OSCAR/Space

14. OSCAR/Surface (1) Repository of metadata for all surface-based observations under WIGOS (WMO and co-sponsored observing systems) Highly heterogeneous with multiple owners and operators; Includes surface and upper-air stations, aircraft, ships, buoys, radars… Practical implementation of the WIGOS Metadata Standard; Modern, web-based searchable inventory of all metadata for What should go into OSCAR/Surface? All WIGOS stations, mandatory for those exchanging data internationally Use OSCAR even when data is not shared Use it for network planning and documenting observing systems evolution OSCAR can be used as national station DB

15. OSCAR/Surface (2) OSCAR/Surface is replacing WMO Pub. 9, Volume A, will also include information from inventories for non-GOS components Operational mode started May 2, 2016 Transition period will last for 2 years: Members may start providing their WIGOS metadata directly via OSCAR Or continue to provide their metadata through existing WMO procedures Education and training to Members in populating, editing and using OSCAR/Surface is a major priority for 2016-19 Developed jointly by WMO and MeteoSwiss, with the Swiss government providing the major part of the funding

16. Initial data integration into OSCAR/Surface GAWSIS – Global Atmosphere Watch stations = 1.053 WMO Pub 9 Vol A – Catalogue of GOS stations >13.026 JCOMMOPS – Marine element of GOS / GOOS >11.387 WMO Radar DB – World-wide weather radars >762 Amdar – Coming soon … # stations

17. First Results of OSCAR/Surface operational (1) Stable operations 24/7 – 1 major incident (Swiss ISP down) More than 20 tickets opened and treated – «How do I do this or that?» – «I cannot log in» – Feature requests, e.g. different map projection Next release November 2016 – Bug fixes – Several open CRs implemented

18. First Results of OSCAR/Surface operational (2) Worldwide distribution of access

19. Outline I.OSCAR and the RRR II.The three Databases of OSCAR III.The WIGOS Metadata Standard IV.The Website of OSCAR/Surface V.The Machine-to-Machine API & Other Developments VI.Implementation and Training efforts

20. WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) WIGOS metadata = observational metadata or description metadata: enables data values to be interpreted; It is not discovery metadata, which facilitates data discovery, access and retrieval (part of WIS - WMO Information System) WMDS is a semantic standard: Defines the requirements for observational metadata, Describes the elements to be reported Its practical implementation is done through OSCAR Applicable to all observing systems: In-situ, remote, fixed, mobile, on land, on sea, on ice, on rivers, etc Meant to be used by all 14 Application Areas: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/OSY/GOS-RRR.html

21. WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) Developed by Task Team on WIGOS Metadata (TT-WMD) of Inter-Commission Coordination Group on WIGOS (ICG-WIGOS) 1 st version approved by Congress-17 as part of Manual on WIGOS: http://library.wmo.int/pmb_ged/wmo_1160_en.pdf#page=48 http://library.wmo.int/pmb_ged/wmo_1160_en.pdf#page=48 It has entered into force for WMO Members on 1 July 2016 What Members will have to do to comply with the Tech.Regs. (WMO-No. 49, Vol. I, Part I – WIGOS and Manual on WIGOS): Collect and keep records of WIGOS metadata Provide WIGOS metadata for observations exchanged internationally Review current entries in OSCAR/Surface and keep them up-to-date The 1 st edition of the Guide to WIGOS, which includes the WMDS and OSCAR/Surface, is available online since June 2016

22. It is organized in 10 categories WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) Each category consists of 1 or more elements: 65 in total (+2 new)

23. WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) There are 3 levels of metadata reporting: Mandatory - Required for all WIGOS observing systems/platforms Conditional - Required if applicable (e.g. instrument calibration is not applicable to a human observer) Optional – Desirable/useful, but non-compulsory The WMDS includes 33 Code Tables – Example of a Code table:

24. WIGOS Metadata Standard (WMDS) Extract of the WMDS elements per Implementation Phases Implementation Phases

25. Outline I.OSCAR and the RRR II.The three Databases of OSCAR III.The WIGOS Metadata Standard IV.The Website of OSCAR/Surface V.The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments VI.Implementation and Training efforts

26. OSCAR/Surface Website: oscar.wmo.int/surface

27. Zoom in… OSCAR/Surface Website, RA II Screenshots

28. Example of the Details of a station

29. Security and user management The authorization process is based on «trust-relationships» and various «user roles» Edit all stations in country Also: register new contact NFP Station contact Admin Register Edit assigned stations Also: register new contact Each Member need to have an active National Focal Point for OSCAR/Surface

30. Outline I.OSCAR and the RRR II.The three Databases of OSCAR III.The WIGOS Metadata Standard IV.The Website of OSCAR/Surface V.The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments VI.Implementation and Training efforts

31. The Machine-to-machine interface (M-2-M) To be used by individual Members: WIGOS metadata exchange format is under review Based on standards OGC O&M / ISO19156 Supports XML, possibly JSON Possibly provision of CSV templates for station, observations, instruments, contacts, etc. Specification of API is in progress Transactions of full records Transactions of partial records («deltas») Approval planned by CBS-16 in Nov 2016

32. Other developments Integration of ancillary metadata in OSCAR/Surface as defaults to support /facilitate the edition/updates: Climate zone, population density, topography/bathimetry, … Instrument catalogue in collaboration with HMEI and CIMO: Improve the “instrument catalogue” Include current and past instruments to document historical observations Integration and visual alignment of all OSCAR components Link to WMO Codes Registry (codes.wmo.int) the official repository for machine-readable version of Manual on Codes OSCAR shall retrieve code tables from this managed resource Future integration with WIGOS Data Quality Monitoring System Development of a quantitative gap analysis module

33. Outline I.OSCAR and the RRR II.The three Databases of OSCAR III.The WIGOS Metadata Standard IV.The Website of OSCAR/Surface V.The Machine-to-Machine API & other developments VI.Implementation and Training efforts

34. Implementation efforts Initial versions of Guidance material and User Manual to be further developed OSCAR/Surface online help FAQs Tooltips Glossary Provide operational support MeteoSwiss (24/7 via ticketing service) WMO Secretariat (work days during office hours) Support «Vol A» to OSCAR/Surface transition WMO Secretariat (Mohan Abayasekara continues until end of 2016)

35. Training efforts Past workshops/training events: Bridgetown, Barbados, Aug.-Sept.2015 – Inst.Maintenance & Calibration Nairobi, Kenya, Aug.-Sept. 2015 – Instrument Maintenance & Calibration Argentina, Oct. 2015 – with ETR workshop Jakarta, Indonesia, Oct. 2015 –Joint RA-II/V Workshop on WIGOS for DRR Alanya, Turkey, Oct. 2015 – Instrument Maintenance and Calibration Walvis Bay, Namibia, November 2015 – RAI WIGOS Workshop Belgrade, Serbia, December 2015 – RA VI WIGOS workshop Willemstad, Curaçao, December 2015 – RA IV WIGOS workshop Organize hands-on training for OSCAR/Surface Nat.Focal Points Training plan submitted to CBS-16 for endorsement Develop e-Learning material for continued training

36. Training Plans for 2017-2018 Type of trainingContentAudienceRegionLanguageDate ClassroomWeb interfaceNFPs O/SRA IFrench4 th Q 2016 ClassroomWeb interfaceNFPs O/SRA IEnglish1 st Q 2017 ClassroomWeb interfaceNFPs O/SRA III/IVSpanish1 st Q 2017 ClassroomWeb interfaceNFPs O/SRA VIEnglish2 nd Q 2017 ClassroomWeb interfaceNFPs O/SRA IIEnglish2 nd Q 2017 ClassroomWeb interfaceNFPs O/SRA VEnglish3 rd Q 2017 WebinarM-2-M interfaceMembers IT staffRA IV/VIEnglish3 rd Q 2017 WebinarM-2-M interfaceMembers IT staffRA III/VISpanish3 rd Q 2017 WebinarM-2-M interfaceMembers IT staffRA II/VEnglish4 th Q 2017 WebinarM-2-M interfaceMembers IT staffRA IEnglish4 th Q 2017 WebinarM-2-M interfaceMembers IT staffRA IFrench4 th Q 2017 Assumptions: Not all NFPs for OSCAR/Surface will be able to participate in the classroom/training events; Some NFPs for OSCAR/Surface participating in the classroom training, could play an important role, in assisting other Members of their Region, e.g. via Regional WIGOS Centre; Subsequent to the training events in 2017, the e-learning materials should become available for additional non-synchronous training, as self-directed learning.

37. Credits Project Team at MeteoSwiss (current) J Klausen, L Cappelletti, B Calpini, M Musa, M Brändli, L Koppa, C Walder, E Grüter, S Sandmeier, M Schäfer, A Rubli, T Hager, Attila Loos; (past) J Mannes, S Spreitzer, M Leutenegger, C Sigg, M Abbt, W Brunelli, J Mettler Project Team at WMO W Zhang, LP Riishojgaard, E Charpentier, J Lafeuille, T Pröscholdt Project Team at European Dynamics N Michas, T Galousis, C Kaskoura, M Ulmann, L Christou, N Pappa, … ICG-WIGOS, TT-WMD, IPET-MDRD (current) S Barrell, B Calpini, … K Monnik, J Klausen, J Swaykos, T Boston, U Looser, E Büyükbas, L Zhao, A Mestre, T Oakley, S Foreman, D Lockett, L Nunes; (past) R Atkinson D Lowe, J Tandy, … JCOMMOPS, GAW WDCs, NDACC, ET-WDC, …

38. Thank you lfnunes@wmo.int www.wmo.int/wigos