1. Who is Milankovitch and what was his theory? What other natural explanations are given to GW? What did the IPCC say where likely to be the causes of GW, human or natural reasons?

2. Compulsory case studies! Over the next couple lessons we are going to be looking at 2 places and the impacts that Global warming is having on them! These places are….

3. The Arctic We will be looking at the Arctic 1 st and specifically the impacts environmentally and ecologically (The interactions and relationships between plants, animals and their environment)

4. Africa We will be looking at Africa next lesson and specifically the impacts economically and socially (on people e.t.c)

5. Learning Objectives K- Know your 2 compulsory case studies for impacts of Global warming U- Understand how the Arctic has been effected environmentally and ecologically S- Be able to produce a case study card that you will revise from

6. Arctic facts- add these! The Arctic region lies within the Arctic circle (the 66.5degree line of latitude) It consists of the ice sheet surrounding the North Pole, as well as the Northern parts of 8 countries- Canada, Greenland, Russia, USA(Alaska), Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland

7. Environmental Arctic impacts In pairs you are going to be given different articles on the Arctic- you have 5 minutes to read your article add your impacts to your factsheet and then be ready to feedback to the group to add to their impacts Clue the picture on the right is one impact!!

8. Summary of Environmental Arctic impacts Melting ice caps, between 2004 and 2005 NASA reported a 14% loss of Arctic ice- that is 3 times size of UK! Sea levels have risen – also less ice means less albedo effect and more water absorbing suns energy and warming oceans up even more! In turn quicker melting. This is called the positive ice albedo feedback!

9. Summary of Environmental Arctic impacts Up to 40% permafrost expected to thaw releasing large quantities of methane (GHG) Rivers and lakes may drain as land underneath them thaws out whilst rising rivers could create new wetlands in other places Melting ice caps also reduces the salinity of the oceans which could cut off the arctic conveyor belt- would massively effect Europe

10. Summary of Environmental Arctic impacts More storm surges and waves as sea ice is lost which used to protect the coast The spread of new species e.g. the spruce bark beetle changing food chains Increase in forest vegetation replacing Arctic vegetation effecting local ecosystems

11. Ecological Arctic impacts This time you are looking specifically for impacts on animals and plants 5 minutes same rules apply as last time! Clue the picture on the right is one impact!!

12. Summary of Ecological Arctic impacts Food chains likely to change- the warmer water has reduced the quantity of marine plants on which smaller fish feed. This has affected those animals further up the food chain e.g. seals and polar bears. Increase in fires and insects due to GW which may have impact on valuable habitats that is rich in lichens, mosses, fungi and birds. Alien species may invade!

13. Summary of Ecological Arctic impacts Changes in river patterns will have effects on freshwater fish such as Arctic Char and lake trout. Polar Bears hunting season decreased due to melting ice! They hunt seals on ice. Animals now in danger of diseases!

14. Social Arctic impacts In pairs quickly read the impacts that this is likely to have on the indigenous people of the Arctic.

15. Homework task! Ensure that your case study card is completed in full detail for the Arctic as you will need it Read all the articles provided and highlight on the Arctic

16. To end… Benefits to the Arctic of global warming? Can you think of any??