1. Patterns in our Solar System The Search for Origins Solar System Exploration

2. The Sun 108 Earth diameters across; 333,000 Earth masses Contains > 99.8% of the solar system’s mass 98% H and He, 2% other elements

3. Mercury Average distance from Sun: 0.39 AUComposition: rocks, metals Radius: 2440 km = 0.38 R earth Avg surface temp: 700K / 100K Mass: 0.055 M earth Moons: 0 Average density: 5.43 g/cm 3

4. Venus Average distance from Sun: 0.72 AUComposition: rocks, metals Radius: 6051 km = 0.95 R earth Avg surface temp: 740K Mass: 0.82 M earth Moons: 0 Average density: 5.24 g/cm 3

5. Earth Average distance from Sun: 1.0 AUComposition: rocks, metals Radius: 6378 km = 1.00 R earth Avg surface temp: 290K Mass: 1.00 M earth Moons: 1 Average density: 5.52 g/cm 3

6. Mars Average distance from Sun: 1.52 AUComposition: rocks, metals Radius: 3397 km = 0.53 R earth Avg surface temp: 220K Mass: 0.11 M earth Moons: 2 (very small) Average density: 3.93 g/cm 3

7. Jupiter Average distance from Sun: 5.2 AUComposition: mostly H and He Radius: 71,492 km = 11.2 R earth Cloud-top temp: 125K Mass: 318 M earth Moons: > 65 Average density: 1.33 g/cm 3

8. Saturn Average distance from Sun: 9.54 AUComposition: mostly H and He Radius: 60,268 km = 9.4 R earth Cloud-top temp: 95K Mass: 95.2 M earth Moons: > 60 Average density: 0.70 g/cm 3

9. Uranus Average distance from Sun: 19.2 AU Radius: 25,559 km = 4.0 R earth Mass: 14.5 M earth Average density: 1.32 g/cm 3 Composition: mostly H, He, hydrogen compunds Cloud-top temp: 60K Moons: > 25 First planet to be discovered!

10. Neptune Average distance from Sun: 30.1 AUComposition: mostly H, He, hydrogen compounds Radius: 24,764 km = 3.9 R earth Cloud-top temp: 60K Mass: 17.1 M earth Moons: > 12 Average density: 1.64 g/cm 3

11. Dwarf Planets: Pluto, Eris, Ceres, Haumea, Makemake Average distance from Sun: 39.5 AU Radius: 1160 km = 0.18 R earth Mass: 0.0022 M earth Average density: 2.0 g/cm 3 Composition: ices, rock Avg surface temp : 40K Moons: 5

12. Which planets have rings? A) Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Venus B) Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Neptune C) Saturn, Venus, Mars, Neptune D) Saturn, Neptune, Jupiter, Uranus E) Uranus, Neptune, Saturn, Mars

13. Example: New Horizons Space missions come in four general categories: 1. Flybys

14. Example: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Example: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Space missions come in four general categories: 1. Flybys 2. Orbiters

15. Example: Curiosity Example: Rosetta (Philae) Space missions come in four general categories: 1. Flybys 2. Orbiters 3. Landers and probes

16. Space missions come in four general categories: 1. Flybys 2. Orbiters 3. Landers and probes 4. Sample Return Example: Apollo Example: Stardust

17. Space missions come in four general categories: 1. Flybys 2. Orbiters 3. Landers and probes 4. Sample Return Some are combinations Example: Cassini-Huygens

18. There are patterns in our Solar System Any model of solar system formation will have to explain these

19. 1. The motions of the major bodies in our solar system are orderly.

20. 2. The planets fall into two major categories: Terrestrial and Jovian

21. high density (~5 gm/cc) solid surface low density (~1 gm/cc) no solid surface

22. In a science fiction movie the characters land their spacecraft on an alien planet. What kind of planet is it? A) Terrestrial B) Jovian C) Can’t tell without more information

23. 3. Swarms of asteroids and comets populate the solar system.

24. 4. There are important exceptions to the patterns… Venus’s rotation

25. You should know these four clues… 1. The motions of the major bodies in our solar system are orderly. 2. The planets fall into two major categories. 3. Swarms of asteroids and comets populate the solar system. 4. There are important exceptions to the patterns.

26. Which group below lists only planets with at least one moon? A) Earth, Mercury, Jupiter, Neptune B) Saturn, Earth, Uranus, Mars C) Mercury, Uranus, Earth, Mars D) Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Venus E) Mars, Earth, Mercury, Neptune

27. Star system formation is part of a cyclic process

28. Astro-Cash Cab! Tyler Erzen Hailey Villatoro Patrick Huffaker Aaron Davis Matthew Contreras

29. 1) Which terrestrial planets have moons?

30. 2) True or False? All planets rotate in the same direction as they orbit the Sun.

31. 3) Which of the following have we never done at a planet beyond Earth? Flybys Orbiters Landers and probes Sample Return

32. 4) Select the features that describe all Jovian planets (may be more than one!) solid surface many moons rings mostly rock and metal low density