1. MAN versus Off-peak Background Measurements
What Is It Good For?
Saving TIME!

2. How Much Time?
186 seconds w/ Off-Peaks
94 seconds w/ MAN

3. What Else is it Good For? Avoiding Off-Peak Interferences
Spectrometer Reproducibility Issues
Sensitive Samples
Quantitative Imaging
Avoiding Wear and Tear on Spectrometers

4. Avoiding Off-Peak Interferences
By not measuring off-peak intensities in samples of unknown composition, one can eliminate even unforseen off-peak interferences.

5. Spectrometer Reproducibility Issues
Ultra High Precision Measurements
Handle spectrometer re-positioning problems
By reserving a spectrometer for a single MAN corrected element x-ray line (monochromator), one can obtain:

6. Na/K Loss in glass (or Si/Al “grow-in”)
Sensitive Samples
Na/K Loss in glass (or Si/Al “grow-in”)
Everyone knows about sodium loss over time in some glasses and especially, hydrous phases- but did you know that sodium can also “grow-in”?

7. Sodium Calcium Silicate (cement “gel”)

8. (512 x 2048 pixels @ .5 sec equals 6 days!)
Quantitative Imaging
Eliminate acquisition time for off-peak intensity images and still obtain background corrected quantitative images
(512 x sec equals 6 days!)

9. How Good Is It? Major Elements Minor Elements Trace Elements
Comparison to Off-Peak Measurements
Matrix Issues (Low Z-bar vs High Z-bar)
Accuracy (reproducibility, drift, etc)

10. Comparison with Off-peak
20 kev, 20 nA, 5 um, 20 sec on, 20 sec off
St 305 Set 2 Labradorite (Lake Co.)
ELEM: Ca K Fe Ti Na Al Mn Ni O H Si SUM
AVER:
SDEV:
%RSD:
PUBL: n.a n.a n.a
%VAR:
DIFF:
STDS:
PKBG:
MAN
St 305 Set 2 Labradorite (Lake Co.)
ELEM: Ca K Fe Ti Na Al Mn Ni O H Si SUM
AVER:
SDEV:
%RSD:
PUBL: n.a n.a n.a
%VAR:
DIFF:
STDS:
PKBG:

11. High Z-bar Off Peak Comparison
20 kev, 20 nA, 5 um, 20 sec on, 20 sec off
St 396 Set 2 Chromite (UC # 523-9)
ELEM: Ca K Fe Ti Na Al Mn Ni O H Cr SUM
AVER:
SDEV:
%RSD:
PUBL: n.a. n.a n.a n.a n.a
%VAR:
DIFF:
STDS:
PKBG:
MAN
St 396 Set 2 Chromite (UC # 523-9)
ELEM: Ca K Fe Ti Na Al Mn Ni O H Cr SUM
AVER:
SDEV:
%RSD:
PUBL: n.a. n.a n.a n.a n.a
%VAR:
DIFF:
STDS:
PKBG:

12. Drift Issues in MAN Drift array background intensities for standards:
ELMXRY: ca ka k ka fe ka ti ka na ka al ka mn ka ni ka
MOTCRS: 2 PET 2 PET 4 LIF 3 LIF 1 TAP 1 TAP 3 LIF 4 LIF
STDASS:
Drift array standard intensities (background corrected):

13. Typical Sequence of MAN Fit

14. Cr K-b interference removed

15. Trace Ni “contamination” removed (natural chromite, 0.087 wt. % Ni)