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COVALENT BONDING NOTES Bundle 2: Periodic Table & Bonding
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WARM UP Complete the WARM UP for September 28, 2016 Set up the next clean page for Cornell Notes. Fill in your Table of Contents and make sure you have updated your SUMMARIES on all of your Cornell Notes. NOTEBOOK GRADE on FRIDAY!
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ANNOUNCEMENTS If you need to retake or make up a quiz, I need to know TODAY so I can send it down this afternoon to TOPS. TOPS is afterschool tutoring and make ups in the Cafeteria from 4:05pm to 5pm on Wednesdays. Athletics cannot have practice during TOPS Wednesdays, it is school policy.
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COVALENT BONDS ● SHARING OF ELECTRONS between the two elements. H-H = H 2 The bond between TWO NON-Metals The bond between TWO NON-Metals.
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WHAT DOES THE LITTLE BAR MEAN? The little bar between elements in a covalent molecule means they are SHARING TWO electrons. What do you think 2 bars means? Double Bond (Sharing 4 electrons) What about 3 bars? Triple Bond (Sharing 6 electrons)
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LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE FOR COVALENT MOLECULES The Lewis Dot Structure for Covalent Molecules shows how the elements share electrons.
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CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING How many electrons are shared by the bar in the picture of Hydrogen Fluoride? How many total electrons are shared between Carbon and the two Oxygen atoms in a molecule of Carbon Dioxide?
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2 TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS ● Polar Covalent Bond – electrons are unevenly shared; One element “pulls” more on the electrons than the other. ● Nonpolar Covalent Bond – electrons are evenly shared; each element “pulls” evenly on the electrons.
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WATER IS A POLAR MOLECULE The O atom pulls on the shared electrons in each H causing a partial (+) charge on each H atom and partial (–) charge on the O atom The O atom pulls on the shared electrons in each H causing a partial (+) charge on each H atom and partial (–) charge on the O atom Why is O pulling the electrons towards itself? O is more attracted to the electrons it’s sharing with H – unequal sharing of electrons Why does water act like a magnet? Because the partial (+) attracts the partial (-)
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COVALENT BONDING PRACTICE Using the LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE, draw CH 4 (Methane) in your notebook. Now draw the COVALENT STRUCTURE of CH 4. Draw the Water Molecule (H 2 O) in your notebook using the LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE. Now draw the COVALENT STRUCTURE of H 2 O.
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HOW TO DRAW LEWIS DOT AND COVALENT STRUCTURE OF WATER AND METHANE Water(H 2 O)Methane (CH 4 )
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WARM UP Complete the WARM UP for September 29, 2016 Set up the next clean page for Cornell Notes. Fill in your Table of Contents and make sure you have updated your SUMMARIES on all of your Cornell Notes. NOTEBOOK GRADE on FRIDAY!
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NAMING COVALENT BONDS
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COVALENT MOLECULE PREFIXES – EACH PREFIX TELLS YOU THE NUMBER OF ATOMS OF THAT ELEMENT IN THE MOLECULE. Mono - 1 Di - 2 Tri - 3 Tetra - 4 Penta - 5 Hexa - 6 Hepta - 7 Octa - 8 Nona - 9 Deca - 10
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WRITING COVALENT MOLECULE FORMULAS Write the Chemical Symbol of the element in the first name Look at the prefix on the first name Put the number that matches the prefix as the subscript on the Chemical Symbol Repeat these steps for the second element name
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PRACTICE WRITING COVALENT FORMULAS Dinitrogen Pentoxide Write the symbol of each element. NONONONO Add the subscript as indicated by the prefixes. N2O5N2O5N2O5N2O5
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PRACTICE WRITING COVALENT FORMULAS Carbon Dioxide Write the name of each element. C O Add the subscripts as indicated by the prefixes. CO 2 CO 2
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NAMING COVALENT MOLECULES NH 3 Write the name of the first nonmetal using its subscript as a prefix. Nitrogen (No prefix written for the first element IF it is a one.) Write the name of the second nonmetal using its subscript as a prefix and change the ending to -ide. Trihydride Nitrogen trihydride Name of the molecule: Nitrogen trihydride
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NAMING COVALENT MOLECULES P2O5P2O5 Write the name of the first nonmetal using the subscript as a prefix. Diphosphorus Write the name of the second nonmetal using the subscript as a prefix and change the ending to -ide. Pentoxide Name the molecule: Diphosphorus Pentoxide
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RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT DHMO.org Go to the website DHMO.org on your phone. Research DHMO and write an Acrostic Poem in your notebook Answer the question at the bottom of the Poem page and be prepared to take a stand.
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TRY A FEW EXAMPLES ON YOUR OWN. CO CO 2 SF 2 PI 3 H2OH2OH2OH2O Sulfur dioxide Sulfur monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Dihydrogen dioxide Nitrogen triiodide Write the Chemical Formula for these names Write the Chemical Names for these formulas
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2 TYPES OF FORCES BETWEEN ELEMENTS ● Intramolecular Force (stronger) holds elements together to make compounds ● Intermolecular Force (weaker) holds molecules together to form solids, liquids, and gases
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Example: the bond between Na and Cl in a NaCl molecules INTRAMOLECULAR FORCE – FORCE BETWEEN ATOMS TO FORM A COMPOUND Na + Cl -
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Intermolecular Force – The force between different molecules Example: an interstate highway runs between different states
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Intermolecular Force Intramolecular Force
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Intermolecular Force Intramolecular Force
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TYPES OF INTERMOLECULAR FORCES ● Hydrogen Bond – when H bonds to N, O, or F o Important in DNA (genetic material), proteins, and water molecules
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WATER
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