1. Essential Question ? What is negative feedback?

2. Endocrine System

3. Exocrine GlandsEndocrine Glands Glands that have ducts Secretes hormones through duct. Located near the gland or organ it effects Example Liver Gallbladder Sweat gland Lacrimal gland Pancrease Ductless Secretes hormones directly into the blood stream (via capillaries that embed the gland) Example Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal glands

4. Example: Endocrine Example: Exocrine

5. Pancrease is both : Endocrine Exocrine Secretes insulin via specialized cells directly into the circulatory system Secretes pancreatic enzymes into the small intestines via pancreatic duct

6. Functions of the Endocrine System To secrete hormones (chemical messengers) that coordinate and direct target cells and organs

7. Target cells are specific cells that react to specific hormones

8. Endocrine Glands Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland Thymus Pancrease Adrenal Glands Gonads Ovaries Testis Pineal #Hypothalamus

9. Pituitary Gland Tiny structure the size of a grape Located at the base of the Brain Connected to the hypothalamus Divided into anterior and posterior lobes The “Master Gland”

10. Anterior Pituitary Lobe Posterior Pituitary Lobe GROWTH HORMONE (GH ) - responsible for growth and development PROLACTIN – develops breast tissue, stimulates production of milk after childbirth THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE ( TSH ) stimulates thyroxine ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH ) stimulates adrenal cortex FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE ( FSH) stimulates growth of graafian follicle and production of estrogen in females, sperm in Males LUTEINIZING HORMONE ( LH) – stimulates ovulation and formation of corpus luteum, which produces progesterone in females VASOPRESSIN – converts to ADH (antidiuretic hormone) in the bloodstream, acts on kidney to concentrate urine and preserveH2O in the body OXYTOCIN – released during childbirthcausing contractions of the uterus

11. Hormones Secreted by the Pituitary Gland GH TSH ACHT Vasopressin FSH LH Prolactin Oxytocin

12. Prolactin Stimulates the production of breast milk Oxytocin stimulates the contraction of uterus for childbirth

13. Thyroid Gland Butterfly-shaped Located on either side of larynx/trachea area Secretes Thyroxin (controlled by TSH) Calcitonin Thyroxin controls cellular metabolism Calcitonin controls calcium ion concentration in the body (prevents hypercalcemia)

14. Parathyroid Glands Four small glands (grain of rice) Located on the posterior thyroid Secretes Parathormone controls blood calcium levels prevents hypocalcemia

15. Thymus Gland Mass of lymphatic tissue produces lymphocytes Both endocrine and lymphatic gland Located behind the sternum above the heart Atrophies by puberty

16. Adrenal Glands Located on superior kidney Adrenal cortex secretes corticoids (anti-inflammatory) mineralcorticoids glucocorticoids androgens (male sex hormone) Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenalin) powerful stimulant – fight or flight norepinephrine

17. Pancreas Feather like organ Located behind the stomach Both endocrine and exocrine function Specialized cells called Islets of Langerhans produces insulin glucagon insulin promotes the utilization of glucose by cells glucagon promotes the building of glycogen (takes excess glucose and forms polyscarrides and stores in the liver) This process helps keep glucose level normal 70 – 100 mg/dl

18. Gonads (sex organs) Ovaries Testes

19. Ovaries The ovaries are stimulated by the pituitary gland ( FSH, LH) FSH stimulates one of many follicles located within the ovary to produce a mature egg. LH stimulates the follicle to rupture and release the mature egg (ovulation) During this process the walls of the follicle produce Estrogen (secondary sex characteristics) Progesterone (responsible for the development of the placenta)

20. Testes Produce : Testosterone (responsible for male secondary sex characteristics)

21. Secondary Sex Characteristics Male Female Deep voice Muscles Facial and pubic hair Breast development Curves Pubic hair Vaginal secretions

24. co

25. Essential Question ? Please list a minimal of 6 hormones secreted by the pituitary gland

27. PowerPoint 2007 This presentation demonstrates the new capabilities of PowerPoint through examples. You can view it in Slide Show or by browsing through the slides in Normal View. These slides are designed to give you great ideas for the presentations you’ll create in PowerPoint 2007! Text, Graphics & PicturesSmartArtThemes & Quick StylesNew Layouts

28. Endocrine Disorders

29. Gigantism Acromegaly Dwarfsim

30. Gigantism Hyperfunction of the pituitary Over production of GH In preadolescent Overgrowth of long bones leads to excessive tallness

31. What are the two forms of diabetes mellitus and how are they different?

33. Superior Text Text in PowerPoint 2007 has learned new tricks. There are handy features like strikethrough and advanced features like character spacing control. And you’ll look your best with soft shadows and the ability to put “WordArt” styles right onto your slide text. Character Spacing Kerning Strikethrough Styled Underline

34. The Power of OfficeArt Graphics Make a statement with great looking graphics. PowerPoint makes it easy to produce visuals that used to require multiple applications to accomplish. Easily apply soft shadows, reflections, glows, bevels, 3D and more! Soft Shadow Bevel

35. Picture This… You can do a lot more with pictures in PowerPoint 2007. Easily recolor pictures or change the shape of their frame. And all of OfficeArt’s effects can be applied to a picture – even 3D!

37. Visualize It! SmartArt turns your bullet points into graphics in a single click. You can even change your graphic layout to find just the right way to express your idea. Business Process OperateSupportOptimizeChange

41. Get Coordinated with Themes! Office Themes give you effortless coordination of the colors, fonts and graphic effects applied to your presentation. Everything you insert into your presentation will be automatically styled to match.

42. Word and Excel, too! PowerPoint now shares a common set of “Office Themes” with Word and Excel so you can create documents and spreadsheets that match your presentation for a “branded” look.

43. Mix It Up! Office Themes are infinitely customizable. You can mix and match the colors, fonts and effects from different themes.

44. Quick Styles There is a spectrum of designer styles for every chart, diagram, table or picture you add to your presentation. In a single click you can go from understated to wow or anywhere in between. 1 2345 1 2345 1 2345 123 123 123

46. Slide Perfect! PowerPoint has new layouts that give you more ways to present your words, images and media. Everything you add into the layout placeholders is arranged perfectly for you.

47. Arrange it Your Way With custom layouts you design your own slide arrangements. You can create new kinds of documents with PowerPoint. Easily create everything from business pitchbooks to family photo albums.