1. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science What is Digital Information?

2. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science Analog vs. Digital Continuous vs. discrete E.g. real numbers vs. integers quantity time quantity time Analog quantity Digital quantity

3. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science Converting analog to digital Sound as an example Sample the waveform Each sample has discrete values

4. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science Digital vs. analog: Digital has… Limited precision Limited size Error-free duplication Error-free transmission

5. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science Example digits: 1011 Place values 2 n : x8x8 x4x4 x2x2 x1x1 Value8021 Can represent anything digital Base 2. Only two digits 0 and 1 Why is 1011 eleven? What is binary? +++

6. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science What is binary in electronics? "High" and "low" voltage

7. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science What are computers, physically? Semiconductors N and P doped  diode, transistor Transistors make logic gates Integrated circuits include processing as well as volatile and flash memory

8. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science Semiconductors

9. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science Doping makes diodes and transistors

10. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science Transistors

11. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science Logic Gates AND NANDNOT OR

12. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science CMOS and TTL CMOS used in Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits like the AT Mega. TTL is still used in some applications. More waste heat is generated.

13. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science Integrated Circuits Billions of transistors, small as a dime Used in virtually all electronics VLSI How the most compact chips are made Closer components means faster speeds

14. © 2015 Project Lead The Way, Inc.Introduction to Computer Science The Future In order for computers to continue to observe Moore’s Law, non-traditional options are investigated Optoelectronics Nanotechnology Quantum Computing