1. -Systematic research begins with a problem -A gap in knowledge that one wishes to describe or explain -A felt difficulty that one wishes to solve -Often phrased as a question that needs to be answered THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

2. Survey Research Problem -Asks questions about the nature, incidence or distribution of variables Correlational Research Problem -Investigates relationships among variables Causal-Comparative Research Problem -Determines relationships among two or more variables -Manipulation of independent variable is not possible -Independent variable has already occurred THE NATURE OF PROBLEM

3. Experimental Research Problem -Addresses questions concerning relationships among variables -Manipulates the independent variable while controlling all other variables -Observes subsequent changes in the dependent variable

4. Experience Deductions from theory Related literature SOURCES OF PROBLEM

5. -Most research ideas developed by beginning researchers arise from personal experiences. -Research problem could arise from the need to evaluate effectiveness of certain usual method or practices. -Research problem could arise from observations of certain relationships with no satisfactory explanations. EXPERIENCE

6. -Provide an excellent source of problem. -Through research one determines whether the generalizations embodied in theories can be translated into specific recommendations for practice. -From theory, the researcher can generate hypotheses stating the expected findings in a particular practical situation. DEDUCTIONS FROM THEORY

7. 1.Helps us formulate research questions that are the next logical step from previous investigations. 2.Outcomes of a research often lead to new questions. 3.May stimulate a researcher to see whether the procedures employed can be adapted to solving other problems. RELATED LITERATURE

8. 4.May find a study that needs replication -Replication increases the extent to which the research findings can be generalized. -Replication provides additional evidence of the validity of the findings. -In most replication studies variations are introduced in order to clarify some aspects of the findings, to investigate factors not included in the original study. Cont.

9. -May raise the question of the applicability of their findings to other cultures. -Recently, considerable emphasis placed on cross-cultural research. 5.May result in detecting inconsistencies and contradictions or in dissatisfaction with the conceptualizations, methodology, measuring instruments, and statistical analysis used. Cont.