1. 1 NavigationNavigation

2. 2 Chapter 3 Taking Sights and Finding LHA, Dec, and Ho NavigationNavigation

3. 1. Take sight on celestial body 2. Record hs and time of sight to the second 3. Convert ZT to UT 4. Extract GHA from NA using UT 5. Apply corrections to GHA to determine LHA 6. Determine Dec 7. Apply corrections to hs to determine Ho 8. Reduce & plot sight - determine a LOP 3 Overview Sight Reduction

4. GHA corrections GHA corrections Dec corrections Dec corrections Altitude corrections Altitude corrections Compute LHA, Dec, and Ho Compute LHA, Dec, and Ho 4 Learning Objectives

5. 5 What is the RA for a star with an SHA of 137° 24.8’? NavigationNavigation 359° 59. 1 0 ’ -137° 24.8’ 222° 35.2

6. 6 CorrectionSUNMOONSTARS JUPITER SATURN MARS VENUS Time BlockXXXXX SHAX GHA hrXXXXX GHA m sXXXXX v & v corr XXX LHAXXXXX DecXXXXX d & d corrXXXX Time Diagram XXXXX Almanac Adjustments ?

7. 7 CorrectionSUNMOONSTARS JUPITER SATURN MARS VENUS Time BlockXXXXX SHAX GHA hrXXXXX GHA m sXXXXX v & v corr XXX LHAXXXXX DecXXXXX d & d corrXXXX Time Diagram XXXXX Almanac Adjustments

8. 8 CorrectionSUNMOONSTARS JUPITER SATURN MARS VENUS hsXXXXX ICXXXXX DipXXXXX HaXXXXX Entering value for tables HPX MainXXXXX Add’l PlX UL -30.0’X Add’l RefXXXXXX HoXXXXX Altitude Adjustments ? ?

9. 9 CorrectionSUNMOONSTARS JUPITER SATURN MARS VENUS hsXXXXX ICXXXXX DipXXXXX HaXXXXX Entering value for tables HPX MainXXXXX Add’l PlX UL -30.0’X Add’l RefXXXXXX HoXXXXX Altitude Adjustments

10. 10 Moon Correction Tables Pg 22&23

11. 11 Two Part Correction: 1. Upper table use ha main correction always added 2. Lower table use HP same column LL or UL always added Moon Correction Tables

12. 12 ha 45° 45.6’ Main +50.0’ Moon LL HP 56.6’ Moon Correction Tables

13. 13 ha 45° 45.6’ HP 56.6’ Main +50.0’ Add’l +04.0’ Moon LL Moon Correction Tables 56.4 – 3.8 56.5 – 3.9 56.6 – 4.0 56.7 – 4.1

14. 14 Moon Correction

15. Observations ha < 15° Observations ha < 15° Correction may be plus or minus Correction may be plus or minus All bodies All bodies 15 Air Temperature & Atmospheric Pressure Tables 50° F (10°C) – 1010 millibars Only applied for EXTREMES Only applied for EXTREMES T & B Corrections Pg 2 Sights below 15° not acceptable for sight folder? Sights below 15° not acceptable for sight folder?

16. 16 March 23, Temp: 20°F; Pressure: 998mb, ha 10° T & B Corrections NO ADJUSTMENT

17. 17 ‘v’ value & correction Variable motion Variable motion Planets Planets Moon Moon “Increments and Corrections” “Increments and Corrections”

18. 18 High Altitude Sights

19. 19 Sight Reduction Exercise

20. Stars/Planets Corrections 20 Sun LL 2 44°57.6’N92°46.4’W 2013 14-15-10 0-020 Mar+6N23.52.0’ 43°16.4’ 1 3 5 4 6 8 7 9 11 10 12 DST, time by atomic clock Sun LOP Moon LOP 2-body Fix Distance 1.0nm, 2-body Fix 1 of 2St PaulNavigation Class “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Ds “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Moon LL Moon UL Sun LL S 16-05-17 E7.044°57.5’N 92°47.1’W 44°57.5’N Distance 1.0nm32°06.6’ 16-05-20 16-05-14 14-15-12 14-15-09 32°07.2’ 32°07.9’ “ “ “ “ 43°16.8’ 43°15.8’ 16-30-06 E36°51.8’ 16-30-08 16-30-04 36°52.4’ 36°52.8’ “ “ Ds “ 16-45-02 SW26°13.4’ 16-45-05 16-45-00 26°11.8’ 26°09.6’ “ “ Ds 44°57.6’N92°46.4’WDistance 1.0nm23.5

21. Stars/Planets Corrections 21 Rigel 14 44°57.6’N92°46.4’W 2013 19-25-00 0-020 Mar+6N23.52.0’ 35°38.4’ 13 15 17 16 18 Star LOP Planet LOP 2 of 2St PaulNavigation Class “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Jupiter 20 19 21 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Sun LL 21 Mar 44°57.6’N92°46.4’WDST, time by atomic clock, DST, time by atomic clock S 19-25-03 35°38.0’ 19-25-01 35°38.3’ Ds 19-33-30 58°42.6’ SW 19-33-35 58°42.0’ 19-33-32 58°42.4’ “ “ “ “ Distance 1.0nm 13-17-49 45°24.1’ S 13-18-07 45°25.5’ 13-17-58 45°25.3’ “ “ N 22 “ ““ “ “ “ “ “ “ 13-18-16 45°25.7’ “ Determine which sight is within 10 seconds of MT

22. 22 Sight Reduction Sight 2 – All (Pg 3 – 11 & 15) Sight 6 – Karen (Pg 3 – 14 & 22) Sight 7 – Jeff (Pg 3 – 14 & 23) Sight 11 – John (Pg 3 – 1 & 20) Sight 13 – Al (Pg 3 – 1 & 17) Sight 17 – Ben (Pg 3 – 1 & 19) Sight 21 – Terry (MT time) Dip Short formulas – Appendix A

23. 23 Sun LL 20 Mar 2013 14 – 15 – 10 00 – 00 14 – 15 – 10 5 19 – 15 – 10 2 44 57 6 92 46 4 20 Mar 2013 23 5 43 16 4 2 0 + 92 46 4 G g Navigation Class St Paul Sun LOP Sight Reduction Pg 3,11&15 All

24. 24 Sun LL 20 Mar 2013 14 – 15 – 10 00 – 00 14 – 15 – 10 5 19 – 15 – 10 2 44 57 6 92 46 4 20 Mar 2013 23 5 43 16 4 4 7 2 0 6 7 - + 43 09 7 103 10 2 19 15 103 47 5 106 57 7 92 46 4 14 11 3 - 15 2 + 43 24 9 0 19 00 07 9 1 0 + 0 3 + 00 08 2 G g ʘ ʘ Navigation Class St Paul Sun LOP Sight Reduction All

25. 25 Moon LL 20 Mar 2013 16 – 05 – 20 00 – 00 16 – 05 – 20 5 21 – 05 – 20 6 44 57 5 92 47 1 20 Mar 2013 7 0 32 07 9 2 0 + 92 47 1 G g Navigation Class St Paul Moon LOP Sight Reduction Pg 3,14&22 Karen

26. 26 Moon LL 20 Mar 2013 16 – 05 – 20 00 – 00 16 – 05 – 20 5 21 – 05 – 20 6 44 57 5 92 47 1 20 Mar 2013 7 0 32 07 9 4 2 0 6 4 - + 32 01 5 29 56 1 21 05 201 16 4 31 13 6 92 47 1 298 26 5 - 58 0 59 4 + 33 00 9 0 21 18 36 5 4 0 4 18 36 1 G g ʘ Navigation Class St Paul 12 2 + + 1 - - 54 5 1 4 Moon LOP Sight Reduction Ds = (0.4156 x d) + [(0.5658 x h) / d] Ds = 0.4156 + 3.9606 = 4.3762 Karen

27. 27 Moon UL 20 Mar 2013 16 – 30 – 04 00 – 00 16 – 30 – 04 5 21 – 30 – 04 7 44 57 5 92 47 1 20 Mar 2013 7 0 36 51 8 2 0 + 92 46 4 G g Navigation Class St Paul Moon LOP Sight Reduction Pg 3,18&23 Jeff

28. 28 Moon UL 20 Mar 2013 16 – 30 – 04 00 – 00 16 – 30 – 04 5 21 – 30 – 04 7 44 57 5 92 47 1 20 Mar 2013 7 0 36 51 8 4 2 0 6 4 - + 36 45 4 29 56 1 21 30 047 10 5 37 12 8 92 47 1 304 25 7 - 55 6 57 5 27 5 + 37 12 9 0 30 0 21 18 36 5 4 - 2 - 18 34 3 G g ʘ 30 0 54 5 1 9 12 2 + + 6 2 Navigation Class St Paul Moon LOP Sight Reduction Ds = (0.4156 x d) + [(0.5658 x h) / d] Ds = 0.4156 + 3.9606 = 4.3762 Jeff

29. 29 Sun LL 20 Mar 2013 16 – 45 – 02 00 – 00 16 – 45 – 02 5 21 – 45 – 02 11 44 57 6 92 46 4 20 Mar 2013 23 5 40 37 4 2 0 + 92 46 4 G g Navigation Class St Paul Sun LOP Sight Reduction Pg 3,20&1 John

30. 30 Sun LL 20 Mar 2013 16 – 45 – 02 00 – 00 16 – 45 – 02 5 21 – 45 – 02 11 44 57 6 92 46 4 20 Mar 2013 23 5 26 11 8 13 7 2 0 15 7 - + 25 56 1 133 10 6 21 45 0211 15 5 144 26 1 92 46 4 51 39 7 - 14 3 + 26 10 4 0 21 00 09 8 1 0 + 0 8 + 00 10 6 G g ʘ ʘ Navigation Class St Paul Sun LOP Sight Reduction Ds = (0.4156 x d) + [(0.5658 x h) / d] Ds = 0.4156 + 13.2963 = 13.7119 John

31. 31 Rigel 20 Mar 2013 19 – 25 – 00 00 – 00 19 – 25 – 00 5 00 – 25 – 00 13 44 57 6 92 46 4 21 Mar 2013 23 5 35 38 4 2 0 + 92 46 4 G g Navigation Class St Paul Star Sight Reduction Pg 3,17&1 Al

32. 32 Rigel 20 Mar 2013 19 – 25 – 00 00 – 00 19 – 25 – 00 5 00 – 25 – 00 13 44 57 6 92 46 4 21 Mar 2013 23 5 35 38 4 4 7 2 0 6 7 - + 35 31 7 178 40 6 00 25 006 15 0 106 07 9 92 46 4 13 21 5 - 1 4 - 35 30 3 0 8 11 5 G g ʘ Navigation Class St Paul 281 12 3 ɤ ɤ Star Sight Reduction Al

33. 33 Jupiter 20 Mar 2013 19 – 33 – 32 00 – 00 19 – 33 – 32 5 00 – 33 – 32 17 44 57 6 92 46 4 21 Mar 2013 23 5 58 42 4 2 0 + 92 46 4 G g ʘ Navigation Class St Paul Planet Sight Reduction Pg 3,1&19 Ben

34. 34 Planet Sight Reduction Jupiter 20 Mar 2013 19 – 33 – 32 00 – 00 19 – 33 – 32 5 00 – 33 – 32 17 44 57 6 92 46 4 21 Mar 2013 23 5 58 42 4 13 7 2 0 15 7 - + 58 26 7 110 05 4 00 33 328 23 0 118 29 6 92 46 4 25 43 2 - 0 6 0 0 6 - 58 26 1 0 0 6 00 21 33 0 0 1 + + 21 33 1 G g ʘ Navigation Class St Paul 2 1 + 1 2 + Ds = (0.4156 x d) + [(0.5658 x h) / d] Ds = 0.4156 + 13.2963 = 13.7119 Ben

35. 35 21 Mar 2013 44 57 6 92 46 4 Meridian Transit Terry

36. 36 21 Mar 2013 44 57 6 92 46 4 88 14 518 4 31 9 18 07 18 – 18 – 07 5 13 – 18 – 07 - Meridian Transit Terry

37. 37 Sight Averaging

38. 38 SightWTdecimalhsdecimal 105-57-0626° 38.5’ 205-57-5926° 55.5’ 305-58-5027° 02.1’ 405-59-4027° 09.7’ 506-00-4927° 17.1’ Total Avg. 5.95167 5.96639 5.98056 5.99444 6.01361 29.90667 26.64167 26.92500 27.03500 27.16167 27.28500 135.04834 5.981334 27.009668 05-58-53 27° 00.6’ Sight Averaging [(seconds / 60) + minutes] / 60

39. 39 Sight Averaging

40. 40 Sight Averaging

41. 41 Sight Averaging

42. 42 Sight Averaging

43. 43 Sight Averaging

44. 44 Next week bring your plotting tools & calculator CHAPTER 4 Reduce and Plot NavigationNavigation

45. 45 The End Taking Sights and Finding Ho, LHA, Dec Taking Sights and Finding Ho, LHA, Dec