1. Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. CULTURE RNSG 1471 Health Care Concepts 1

2. 2Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Goals for This Concept Presentation 1. Define and describe the concept. 2. Recognize factors that influence culture. 3. Apply the concept of culture in the context of nursing and health care. 4. Apply the concept of culture to clinical situations.

3. 3Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. DEFINE AND DESCRIBE THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE

4. 4Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Definition Culture is a pattern of shared attitudes, beliefs, self-definitions, norms, roles, and values. Culture occurs among:  Those who speak a particular language  Those who live in a defined geographic region

5. 5Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Related Terms and Examples  Enculturation: Process by which a person learns norms, values, and behaviors of another culture  Example: A high school student from the United States spends a summer abroad with a family in Switzerland  Acculturation: Process of acquiring new attitudes, role, customs, or behaviors  Example: An immigrant from China develops a preference for Western foods and music

6. 6Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Related Terms and Examples  Assimilation: Process by which a person gives up his or her original identify and develops a new cultural identity by becoming absorbed into the dominant cultural group  Example: A Native American loses his Native identify after living in Chicago for 10 years  Biculturalism: Duel pattern of identification  Example: A woman of Christian faith married to a Muslim adopts some Muslim practices and also maintains some traditional Christian practices

7. 7Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Other Related Terms  Ethnicity and ethnic identity  Influenced by culture and common ancestry  Race  Influenced by physical or biologic characteristics

8. 8Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Concept Elements Collaborative Learning #1 In your learning group, discuss how culture influences the three categories.  How are they different?  How are they similar?  In what ways are they dependent upon one another? Shared beliefs Values Behavior s

9. 9Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Scope of Concept

10. 10Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Scope of Concept Collaborative Learning #2  In your learning group, discuss the following cultural norms based on your own cultural beliefs. Are there differences among members of your learning group?  How do these cultural norms influence nursing and health care delivery? Cultural NormNursing and Health Care Delivery Casual beliefs about health and illness Illness expression Symptoms of illness Taboos

11. 11Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. RECOGNIZE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CULTURE

12. 12Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Concept Attributes Common attributes of culture include:  Culture is learned  Culture is changing and adapting  Values, beliefs, and behaviors are shared by members of the cultural group

13. 13Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Application of Attributes: Learned and Changing Collaborative Learning #3 In your learning group, discuss the following:  What aspects of your culture did you learn from your parents and grandparents?  What aspects of your cultural identify are different than those of your parents and grandparents?  What has influenced these differences?

14. 14Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Dimensions of Cultural Attributes: Shared Beliefs, Values, Behaviors Individualism versus CollectivismPower DistanceMasculinity versus FemininityLong-Term versus Short-Term OrientationReligiosity

15. 15Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Theoretic Links to Culture  There are multiple theories related to culture  Two are presented in the text:  Leininger’s theory of culture care diversity and universality  Interprofessional theory of social suffering

16. 16Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. APPLICATION OF CULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF NURSING AND HEALTH CARE

17. 17Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Health Care Disparities Collaborative Learning #4 In your learning group, discuss the term health care disparities.  What does this term mean?  How is it linked to the concept of culture?  How can this be minimized by nurses?

18. 18Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Cultural Competence in Nursing  Expected component of professional nursing practice  Requires underlying acceptance of patient’s health beliefs  Requires adapting care to meet unique needs and perspectives of individual

19. 19Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Cultural Competence and Interrelated Constructs Cultural Desire Self- awareness Cultural Knowledge Cultural Skill

20. 20Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Developing Cultural Competence Collaborative Learning #5 In your learning group, discuss specific ways you can develop and improve in the following areas:  Greater cultural awareness  Greater cultural knowledge  Greater cultural skill  Greater cultural desire

21. 21Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. APPLICATION TO CLINICAL SITUATIONS

22. 22Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Bias  All people are biased. Examples include  Stereotyping people  Tendency to act, think, or feel in a certain way toward other people  How do biases affect nursing care?

23. 23Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Stigma Stigma refers to a mark of disgrace  Discuss illnesses or individual characteristics that are often stigmatized  How does culture influence stigmatism?  How does stigma affect health care delivery?

24. 24Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Conveyed Acceptance and Nonacceptance  Verbal and nonverbal communication demonstrates acceptance or nonacceptance of others  What are examples of verbal and nonverbal communication by a nurse that could demonstrate acceptance and nonacceptance toward a patient who has not followed a prescribed treatment plan?

25. 25Copyright © 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. Interrelated Concepts Collaborative Learning #6 In your learning group, discuss the concepts interrelated to culture that are presented in your text. What is the link to the concept? What additional concepts can you think of that link to culture? Interrelated ConceptLink to Culture Communication Family Dynamics Coping