2. Chromoso mes and Meiosis Mendel and Heredity Traits, Genes, and Alleles Traits, Probability, Variation Actual Test Questions 10 20 30 40 50

3. Question 1 - 10 ________________ are two chromosomes that have the same length and general appearance as well as copies of the same genes, although the two copies may differ.

4. Answer 1 – 10 Homologous chromosomes

5. Question 1 - 20 _______________ is a form of nuclear division that divides diploid cells into haploid cells

6. Answer 1 – 20 Meiosis

7. Question 1 - 30 The actual fusion of an egg and a sperm cell is called ________________

8. Answer 1 – 30 Fertilization

9. Question 1 - 40 During which stage of Meiosis do the homologous pairs get pulled apart?

10. Answer 1 – 40 Anaphase I

11. Question 1 - 50 During what stage of Meiosis do the sister chromatids get pulled apart?

12. Answer 1 – 50 Anaphase II

13. Question 2 - 10 ______________ is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms.

14. Answer 2 – 10 Genetics

15. Question 2 - 20 A line of plants that has self-pollinated for long enough so that line becomes genetically uniform is called ______________

16. Answer 2 – 20 Purebred

17. Question 2 - 30 The mating of two organisms is called a _______________

18. Answer 2 – 30 Cross

19. Question 2 - 40 ___________ are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited, such as eye color, leaf shape, and tail length.

20. Answer 2 – 40 Traits

21. Question 2 - 50 The following components summarize what? – Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent – Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. Thus, the two copies of each gene segregate, or separate during gamete formation

22. Answer 2 – 50 Law of segregration

23. Question 3 - 10 ______________ is all of an organism’s genetic material

24. Answer 3 – 10 Genome

25. Question 3 - 20 The ____________ refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes and the ___________ refers to the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism.

26. Answer 3 – 20 Genotype Phenotype

27. Question 3 - 30 A ______________ allele is the allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present. A ______________ allele is only expressed when two copies are present.

28. Answer 3 – 30 Dominant Recessive

29. Question 3 - 40 The term ___________ describes two of the same alleles at a specific locus while the term ______________ describes two different alleles at a specific locus

30. Answer 3 – 40 Homozygous Heterozygous

31. Question 3 - 50 A(n) ________________ is any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus.

32. Answer 3 – 50 Allele

33. Question 4 - 10 A _______________ is a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross.

34. Answer 4 – 10 Punnett Square

35. Question 4 - 20 A __________________ cross examines the inheritance of one specific trait while a ______________ cross examines the inheritance of two different traits.

36. Answer 4 – 20 Monohybrid Dihybrid

37. Question 4 - 30 A _______________ is a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype.

38. Answer 4 – 30 Testcross

39. Question 4 - 40 ___________________ states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meiosis. The traits appear to be inherited separately

40. Answer 4 – 40 The law of independent assortment

41. Question 4 - 50 Genes located close together tend to be inherited together, which is called _______________

42. Answer 4 – 50 Genetic linkage

43. Question 5 - 10 How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

44. Answer 5 – 10 23

45. Question 5 - 20 What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?

46. Answer 5 – 20 They are divided

47. Question 5 - 30 What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?

48. Answer 5 – 30 3:1

49. Question 5 - 40 The “father” of genetics was __________

50. Answer 5 – 40 Gregor Mendel

51. Question 5 - 50 Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the following sex chromosome combinations? A. XY B. XX C. XO D. 00

52. Answer 5 – 50 A. XY