1. AP Chapter 5 The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, & Decline by 500 C.E.

2. Expansion & Integration Common themes were territorial expansion and efforts to integrate the new territories a.) Attempts to centralize them politically with common values & institutions b.) Utilized common cultures & social values c.) Economically attempted trade to strengthen their hold

3. China, India & the Med. All set about using the previous slides formula: India however focused on its religion

4. Beyond the Classical Civilizations Southeast Asia gained contact with India: Hinduism and Buddhism spread through trade.

5. Africa Kingdom of Kush-1000 B.C.E.

6. Kush Developed writing Mastered iron Conquers Egypt-750 B.C.E. Defeated by Axum in 300 B.C.E.

7. Ghana Agricultural Society

8. Japan Extensive agricultural society with fishing Populated via Korea over 200,000 year span Significant iron working capacity

9. Japan’s main religion is Shintoism Worshipped political rulers & spirits of nature (particularly God of Rice starting circa 700 B.C.E.)

10. Japan By 600 C.E. official contact is made with China

11. Americas Olmec's

12. Olmec's Continued Develop massive pyramid-shaped religious monuments & large headed totems

13. Olmec Agriculture centered around corn production Potatoes were also grown Domesticated turkeys, dogs, & guinea pigs Impressive calendars & use of jade Society disappears around 400 B.C.E. Successors create hieroglyphics & city of Teotihuacan

14. Maya Seem to rise about 400 C.E.

15. Mayas developed an astronomical system and calendar

16. Mayan Pyramids

17. Performed Human Sacrifices

18. Pacific-Polynesian

19. Polynesia

20. Polynesian Fiji & Solomon reached by 1000 B.C.E. Hawaii reached by 400 C.E. Each had a stratified society Each farmed & introduced pigs onto their islands

21. Decline in China & India Between 200 and 600 C.E. all three Classical Civilizations collapsed (China, India, & Rome) All suffer from outside invasions Both Han China & Rome suffer from internal problems prior to invasion

22. Han China’s fall was led by a Daoist revolution in 184 C.E. (healing practice & magic as part of their religion) Yellow Turbans led the revolt Revolt failed but civil war continued Epidemics hurt the Empire as well Buddhism weakened the traditional values Revival occurs about 6 th century Sui Dynasty is followed by the Tang Dynasty (618 C.E.)

23. Tang Dynasty

24. One of the most glorious in Chinese history Confucianism and bureaucratic system are revived Nomadic invaders are assimilated

25. Gupta Dynasty By 600 C.E. the Gupta Dynasty is destroyed in India Regional princes called Rajput, controlled the small states and emphasized military prowess Buddhism declines Worship of Devi spread widely Indian economy prospered Threat of Islam was on the horizon by the 7 th century

26. Gupta Dynasty Continued Indian leaders strengthened their religion in reaction to Islam Hindu texts began being written in the vernacular such as Hindi; use of Sanskrit declined Arab traders took control of trade routes from the Indian Ocean to Tamil

27. Glory days of the Guptas is over

28. Decline and Fall of Rome Couldn’t recruit effective armies Brutality & lack of effectiveness of Roman Emperors Ineffectiveness of tax collection Series of plagues weakened the population Pleasure seeking upper class stopped serving politically Cultural life decayed 1.) Little art or literature began being produced

29. Decline of Rome Continued Small farmers gave-up control of land to large land owners 1.) large landowners made their farms self- sufficient which reduced trade The Emperor Constantine divided the Empire which saved the Eastern half for a while but sped up the collapse of the West The Western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 C.E. under Germanic Invaders

30. Eastern Roman Empire The Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire which included Greece 1.) Its language was Greek but its tone was Roman 2.) One of its greatest Emperors was Justinian who formed a Law Code

31. Emperor Justinian

32. Sassanid Empire

33. The Sassanid's devolved in the area of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers 1.) Their origin was from the Parthians The Coptic Church developed in Africa 1.) St. Augustine was from North Africa

34. New Religious Map Time period of the rise of many of the World’s major religions (200-600C.E.) Time period of plagues caused new interest in Belief Systems Christianity became a widespread religion throughout the Med. Region as the Roman Empire’s political strength weakened

35. Religion Continued Buddhism saw its surge into Eastern Asia furthered by the growing problems of Classical China After 600 C.E., Islam surfaced and became the most dynamic force in World History during the next several centuries All three offered the hope of a better existence after this life had ended, and each one responded to new political instability and to the growing poverty of people in various parts of the civilized World

36. Buddhism Becomes a minority faith in India

37. Buddhism Its chief agents are Monks

38. Bodhisattvas Buddhism Holds that some people could attain Nirvana through meditation while choosing to remain in the World as saints and to aid others by prayers and example Buddhism shifted increasingly from an original emphasis on ethics to become a more emotional cult, stressing the possibility of popular salvation Bodhisattvas was the key in this transformation

39. Mahayana Buddhism The East Asian form of Buddhism is called Mahayana or the Greater Vehicle It has a greater emphasis on Buddha himself as a divine Savior It has more images dedicated to Buddha It improved its organization with priest, temples, creeds, and rituals

40. Mahayana Buddhism They believe Holy men’s souls, after death resided in a kind of super-heaven, where they receive prayers and aid people Syncretism (social blending) is found in Buddhism with regards to the handling of women: ”the wife revers her husband”