2. Waste Reduction Techniques (waste is a loss of valuable process materials) P2: Pollution Prevention

3. A: Inventory management Preventing excess, out of date, and no longer used raw materials Determining if raw materials contain hazardous constituents and,if so, the alternative nonhazardous substitutes that are available Implementing Just In Time (JIT) manufacturing; raw materials go from the receiving dock to the manufacturing area for immediate use, and the finished product is shipped out without any intermediate storage (so inventory is not needed)

5. What do I have?

6. Inventory management (Home Example)

7. What is Hazardous Waste  Any waste that has the following characteristics:  Ignitable  Corrosive  Reactive  Toxic

8. Characteristics of a Waste u Ignitable Flash point < 140 o F (60 o C) Examples: Acetonitrile, alcohols, acetone, toluene, xylene, ether, other

9. Characteristics of a Waste u Corrosive pH 12.5 Examples: Acids, glass cleaner, hydroxides, bases, drain cleaners, other

10. Characteristics of a Waste u Reactive Unstable and may explode under certain conditions such as heat, friction or pressure Examples: Picric acid, peroxide forming chemicals, ethyl ethers, dinitro compounds, other

11. Characteristics of a waste u Toxic Fails Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Test Examples: Heavy metals: mercury, lead, silver, chromic acid, other

12. B: Production process modification B1) Operation and maintenance procedures Material handling; preventing from spills, leaks or contamination Maintenance; checking potential sources of release and correct the problem before any material is lost to become waste. B2) changing to less hazardous materials or nonhazardous material Hazardous materials used in either a product formulation or a production process may be replaced with a less hazardous or nonhazardous material.

13. Operation of paper making machine

14. Loss of raw materials

15. Workers do maintenance work on a paper machine

16. 23 degree Celsius changing to 26 degree Celsius Operation and maintenance procedures (Home Example)

17. Operation & maintenance procedures

18. Changing to less hazardous materials SOLVENT BASED INK WATER BASED INK

19. Changing to less hazardous materials (Home Example)

20. AmorePacific chief faces lawsuit over 'toxic' toothpastes [Posted in the Korea Times : 2016-10-05 17:02, Updated : 2016-10-05 20:42] A total of 315 people joined the suit, each demanding 1 million won in compensation, said their representative, law firm Next Law. The products were confirmed to have contained methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT), toxic chemicals used in Oxy Reckitt Benckiser's deadly humidifier sterilizers that have been blamed for the deaths of more than 100 people. The two toxic substances are used as preservatives in the products, but they are banned from toothpaste in Korea. Earlier, a group of AmorePacific toothpaste users filed a complaint with the prosecution, demanding a formal investigation of the company's chairman, Suh Kyung-bae, and other key executives for alleged negligence and health law violations.

21. B: Production process modification B3) Modifying or changing equipment Not only can new or updated equipment process materials more efficiently, it produces less waste. Paper machine Old machineNew machine

22. Modifying equipment (Home Example)

23. Changing equipment (Home Example)

24. C: Reducing waste volume Volume reduction methods include techniques to separate toxic, hazardous, and/or recoverable wastes from the total waste-stream. C1) Segregating waste at the source By segregating wastes at the source of generation and handling the hazardous and nonhazardous wastes separately, the volume of waste, and thus the cost of managing it, are reduced. C2) Concentrating waste Unless the material can be recycled, to concentrate a waste so that more of it can be "fit into a drum" is not waste reduction. A drum

25. (Home Example)

26. Hazardous waste Non Hazardous waste

27. Dewater machine

28. D: Recovering waste Waste recovery techniques can help eliminate waste disposal cost, reduce raw material cost, and possibly provide income from a salable waste. The effective use of recovery depends on the segregation of the recoverable waste from other process wastes or extraneous material. Waste recovery can take place either on site or at an off-site facility.

29. D: Recovering waste D1) On site recovery Waste can most efficiently be recovered at the point of generation, since it is there that the possibility of contamination by other waste material is lower, and most of the risk involved in handling and transportation waste materials has not yet been incurred. Most on-site recovery systems will generate some type of residue. This residue can either be processed for further recovery or properly disposed.

30. GLASS FACTORY [Recycling broken gases within the area of this factory] ON SITE RECOVERY

31. D: Recovering waste D2: Off-site recovery Wastes may be recovered at an off-site facility when the equipment is not available to recover them on site, when not enough waste is generated to make an in-plant system cost effective, or when the recovered material cannot be reused in the production process. In some situations, a waste may be transferred to another company for use as a raw material in its manufacturing process.

32. Plant A Plant B Transportation of wastes OFF SITE RECOVERY