1. WHAT ARE “HOT SPOTS”? WHY ARE THE LOCATIONS OF SOME VOLCANOES NOT ASSOCIATED WITH TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES ?

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4. HOT SPOT Example : Hawaiian Islands.

5. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS East Pacific Rise Nazca Plate Pacific Plate Eurasian Plate Pacific OceanAsiaSea of Japan Japanese Islands

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9. French et al., 2013. Science 341, p.1049.

10. Core/Mantle Boundary Plate Motion Crust Mantle or Upper Mantle/Lower Mantle

11. Plate Motion

55. Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion

56. Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Increased Time Since Connection to Internal Energy

57. Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Increased Time for Erosion by External Forces.

58. Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Older Volcanic Material. More Eroded Islands.

59. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

60. AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. All Ages in millions of years.

61. AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest

62. AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest

63. AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest

64. AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest

65. AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest

66. AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 3.7 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest

67. AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. 0.43 5.1 3.7 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 0.38 0.15 0.01 0.004 Loihi All Ages in millions of years. 4.9 Youngest Oldest

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71. Cooling, Contracting and Eroding Cooling, Contracting and Eroding

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