1. Good Morning!!!! 1.The Rise of Fascism in Japan 2.The Japanese Invasion of Nanking Essential Question: What happened during the Japanese invasion of Nanking? Homework: Work on Museum Final Project!

2. Rise of Fascism in Japan 1932 Militarists led by Hideki Tojo take control of Japanese government – Reaction to the Great Depression “Militarism” = Japanese Fascism – Aggressive Imperialism: fix economic problems by conquering new lands – Extreme Nationalism: Japanese Yamato Race on a “Divine Mission” to control all of Asia

3. The Sino-Japanese War 1936 Japan launches invasion of China 1937 Japan attacks Nanking (aka Nanjing) – Capitol city of China – What happened during the Japanese attack on Nanking?

4. Textbooks Japanese Textbook Japan took the city to make China surrender quickly “No record of sexual violence” – Defense against allegations? Japan invaded because two Japanese soldiers were killed in Shanghai  China’s fault! They started it by killing soldiers Chinese Textbook Japanese captured the city and killed 300,000 people! Nanjing Massacre! Horrible event in world history! – Women were raped Cruel executions that even surprised the Nazis! – Nail people to the wall while still alive – Buried people alive – Dogs chewed them to death – Beheaded – Burned alive

5. Primary Sources Chinese Survivor “It was about ten in the morning when a dozen Japanese soldiers with rifles and fixed bayonets (knives at the end of their guns) rushed into the house. They shot my father and grabbed my baby sister, who was being breast-fed by my mother. They stabbed the baby to death and stripped my mother and raped her. Then the Japanese killed my grandparents and dragged two of my sisters out of our house and raped them. Then they stabbed me and my 3- year old sister with bayonets. I saw both of my older sisters lying in pools of blood, dead." Japanese Soldier “We had fun killing Chinese. When we caught some Chinese civilians, we either buried them alive, or pushed them into a fire, or beat them to death with clubs. When they were half dead we pushed them into ditches and burned them, torturing them to death. Everyone gets his entertainment this way. It’s like killing dogs and cats.We sent out trucks into the city to seize women. Once we captured them, we took turns raping them. We did not spare old women or young girls of this treatment. Once we were finished raping them, we always stabbed and killed them. When we were raping them, we looked at them like they were women. But when we killed them we just thought of them as something like a pig.”

6. The Sino-Japanese War What happened during the Japanese attack on Nanking?

10. “Last night up to 1,000 women and girls are said to have been raped, about 100 girls at Ginling Girls' College alone. You hear nothing but rape. If husbands or brothers intervene, they're shot. What you hear and see on all sides is the brutality and bestiality of Japanese soldiers. All we are asking in our protest is that you restore order among your troops and get the normal city life going as soon as possible. In the latter process we are glad to cooperate in any way we can.” – John Rabe, Nazi Ambassador in Nanking

11. Your Textbook “In 1936, a border incident touched off a full-scale war between Japan and China. Japanese forces swept into northern China. Despite having a million soldiers, China’s army led by Jiang Jieshi was no match for the better equipped and trained Japanese. Beijing and other northern cities as well as the capital, Nanjing, fell to the Japanese in 1937. Japanese troops killed tens of thousands of captured soldiers and civilians in Nanjing. Forced to retreat westward, Jiang Jieshi set up a new capital at Chongqing. At the same time, Chinese guerillas led by China’s Communist leader, Mao Zedong, continued to fight the Japanese in the conquered area.”