1. The Punic Wars

2. The Spread of Roman Boundaries and Culture : The Punic Wars Ancient Rome Unit

3. The Punic Wars / Roman Republic threatened by Carthage. / Carthage wanted to conquer Sicily. / Rome fights for Sicily as well as the empire Carthage had built across North Africa. / Wanted it for territory and trade markets / 1 st of 3 wars against Carthage, known as Punic Wars 264-146 BC. / Roman Republic threatened by Carthage. / Carthage wanted to conquer Sicily. / Rome fights for Sicily as well as the empire Carthage had built across North Africa. / Wanted it for territory and trade markets / 1 st of 3 wars against Carthage, known as Punic Wars 264-146 BC.

4. Bottom line motivations for war / Carthage / $Money$ / Carthage is more like a business than an empire. / Carthage Inc.™ / Carthage / $Money$ / Carthage is more like a business than an empire. / Carthage Inc.™ / Rome was threatened that Carthage was too close. / They needed to keep their empire together. / They could not be embarrassed by the Carthaginians.

5. 1 st Punic War / 264 – 241 BC / Romans wanted to protect Sicily and expand trade markets. / Rome develops 1 st Navy for this war. / Rome defeats Carthage and wins control of Sicily and Sardinia. / 264 – 241 BC / Romans wanted to protect Sicily and expand trade markets. / Rome develops 1 st Navy for this war. / Rome defeats Carthage and wins control of Sicily and Sardinia.

6. Technology that helped the Romans win / Romans developed technology that played to their strengths. http://www.bible- history.com/rome/cor vus.gif Corvus

8. 2 nd Punic War / 218 – 202 BC / Carthage wants revenge from 1 st war. / Hannibal - General from Spain (Carthage colony) creates army, leads attack / He uses ELEPHANTS and cuts through the Alps!! / Hannibal wins almost all battles, but fails to conquer city of Rome. (basically roams the Italian countryside, CANNOT turn public opinion of Italian countryside.) / 218 – 202 BC / Carthage wants revenge from 1 st war. / Hannibal - General from Spain (Carthage colony) creates army, leads attack / He uses ELEPHANTS and cuts through the Alps!! / Hannibal wins almost all battles, but fails to conquer city of Rome. (basically roams the Italian countryside, CANNOT turn public opinion of Italian countryside.)

9. Scipio : A Worthy Opponent / Scipio is a student of Hannibal and is the first that can fight him head on. / He gambles and decides to attack Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return to defend his homeland. / Scipio and Hannibal meet at the Battle of Zama. / Romans win; Carthage must give up all territories except those in North Africa / Carthage will face severe military limitations. / Scipio is a student of Hannibal and is the first that can fight him head on. / He gambles and decides to attack Carthage, forcing Hannibal to return to defend his homeland. / Scipio and Hannibal meet at the Battle of Zama. / Romans win; Carthage must give up all territories except those in North Africa / Carthage will face severe military limitations. http://www.ancientworlds.net/aworlds_media/ibase_1/00/05/4 3/00054371_000.gif

11. 3 rd Punic War / 149 – 146 BC / Carthage is no longer a threat but Romans decide they need to destroy it. / Rome attacks Carthage and completely destroys it. / Legend says, Romans poured salt over ground so nothing would ever grow in Carthage again. / 149 – 146 BC / Carthage is no longer a threat but Romans decide they need to destroy it. / Rome attacks Carthage and completely destroys it. / Legend says, Romans poured salt over ground so nothing would ever grow in Carthage again.

13. After the Punic Wars / Next 100 years, Rome dominates Mediterranean area and spreads culture. / If had Carthage won, their culture would have spread across the region. / Finally, Romans expand trade and wealth because of victories over Carthage. / Next 100 years, Rome dominates Mediterranean area and spreads culture. / If had Carthage won, their culture would have spread across the region. / Finally, Romans expand trade and wealth because of victories over Carthage.

14. Rome as an Imperial Power / Imperialism – domination over foreign lands and people / Rome expands by taking Greece, Macedonia, and parts of Asia. / Egypt becomes an alliance. / Romans have now transformed into an Empire; this challenges the Republic form of government / Imperialism – domination over foreign lands and people / Rome expands by taking Greece, Macedonia, and parts of Asia. / Egypt becomes an alliance. / Romans have now transformed into an Empire; this challenges the Republic form of government

15. Impact on People of Rome / After Punic Wars, wealthy bought great amounts of land and made them big estates called Latifunda. / Began farming as a business – forced slaves and prisoners to work land / Poor farmers fall into debt because can’t compete with Latifunda; forced to sell land. / After Punic Wars, wealthy bought great amounts of land and made them big estates called Latifunda. / Began farming as a business – forced slaves and prisoners to work land / Poor farmers fall into debt because can’t compete with Latifunda; forced to sell land.

16. The Unemployed / Farmers who lost land often went looking for jobs in city of Rome. / Never enough jobs / This poor unemployed class becomes known as Proletariat. / These people will become homeless, frustrated, and rebellious. / Farmers who lost land often went looking for jobs in city of Rome. / Never enough jobs / This poor unemployed class becomes known as Proletariat. / These people will become homeless, frustrated, and rebellious.

17. Poor vs. Rich / Gap in wealth deeply divides the people. / Corruption in government also grows. / Bring on the Gracchi!!! / Gracchi – brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus = Tribunes / Both sought reforms, however both were murdered. / Gap in wealth deeply divides the people. / Corruption in government also grows. / Bring on the Gracchi!!! / Gracchi – brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus = Tribunes / Both sought reforms, however both were murdered.

18. Rebellion in Rome / Spartacus - Slave who led revolt in 73 BC against Rome. / Revolt crushed in 2 years; Spartacus was crucified / Generals continued to fight each other for control until civil war eventually forced Republic to become Roman Empire. / Spartacus - Slave who led revolt in 73 BC against Rome. / Revolt crushed in 2 years; Spartacus was crucified / Generals continued to fight each other for control until civil war eventually forced Republic to become Roman Empire.