1. Johannes Gutenberg and the Printing Press

2. I. Johannes Gutenberg A.) Was working as a goldsmith when he realized that metal could be melted and formed to make designs. B.) He began working to make forms of letters.

3. I. Johannes Gutenberg C.) In 1437, he invented the printing press. D.) In 1450, Gutenberg printed the Gutenberg Bible, which was the first Bible to be mass produced.

4. II. Short Term Effects A.) Books became cheap and easy to make. B.) More books were available, including the Bible. C.) Literacy rates increased dramatically.

5. II. Short Term Effects D.) Church leaders were not the only people who could read.

6. III. Long Term Effects A.) Weakened the power of the Catholic Church B.) Being illiterate was looked down upon. C.) People began to value education.

7. D.) Martin Luther translated the Bible into German. E.) Martin Luther led the Protestant Reformation by questioning what the church had taught about the Bible.

8. F. Machiavelli was able to widely distribute his book the Prince, which looked at the relationship between rulers and the people they rule.