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SOC 102 – BECOMING MODERN: The Social Origins & Consequences of Modernity Dr. Manuel Vallée University of Auckland Semester

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Presentation on theme: "SOC 102 – BECOMING MODERN: The Social Origins & Consequences of Modernity Dr. Manuel Vallée University of Auckland Semester"— Presentation transcript:

1 SOC 102 – BECOMING MODERN: The Social Origins & Consequences of Modernity Dr. Manuel Vallée University of Auckland Semester 2 - 2016

2 OUTLINE - LECTURE 3b Recap Renaissance Humanism The Printing Press The Protestant Reformation

3 The Renaissance: An Introduction

4 Renaissance Humanism

5 What was Renaissance Humanism? 1)What is Renaissance Humanism? Refers to an intellectual movement in Europe that viewed the centuries since the fall of the Roman Empire as the dark ages, and which sought to remedy this situation by returning to the classical Greek and Roman authors. 2)What were the goals? The goals were produce students who had the philosophical tools to contemplate deeply on ethical matters, and the rhetorical tools to communicate effectively to society.

6 What was Renaissance Humanism? 1)What is Renaissance Humanism?

7 What was Renaissance Humanism? 1)What is Renaissance Humanism? Refers to an intellectual movement in Europe that viewed the centuries since the fall of the Roman Empire as the dark ages, and which sought to remedy this situation by returning to the classical Greek and Roman authors. 2)What were the goals?

8 What was Renaissance Humanism? 1)What is Renaissance Humanism? Refers to an intellectual movement in Europe that viewed the centuries since the fall of the Roman Empire as the dark ages, and which sought to remedy this situation by returning to the classical Greek and Roman authors. 2)What were the goals? The goals were produce students who had the philosophical tools to contemplate deeply on ethical matters, and the rhetorical tools to communicate effectively to society.

9 WHAT WAS THE TIMELINE OF RENAISSANCE HUMANISM?

10 WHAT WERE THE CULTURAL CONSEQUENCES OF RENAISSANCE HUMANISM?

11 WHO BENEFITED FROM THE SPREAD OF RENAISSANCE HUMANISM?

12 WHO DID NOT BENEFIT?

13 WHAT IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM AND MODERNITY?

14 Main Elements of Modernity 1)Secularism 2)Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason 3)The rise of individualism 4)Democracy 5)Nationalism 6)Industrialization 7) Rapid technological change 8) Urbanization

15 Main Elements of Modernity 1)Secularism 2)Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason 3)Individuality 4)Democracy 5)Nationalism 6)Industrialization 7) Rapid technological change 8) Urbanization Did Renaissance Humanism contribute to the emergence of any of these traits?

16 The Renaissance: The Printing Press

17 How Quickly did the Printing Press Spread throughout the World?

18 The Diffusion of the Printing Press

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20 9 cities27 cities

21 The Diffusion of the Printing Press 27 citiesOver 110 cities

22 The Diffusion of the Printing Press Over 110 citiesOver 150 cities

23 The Diffusion of the Printing Press

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25 How Quickly did the Printing Press Spread throughout the World? Go to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spread-of- printing.gif

26 WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS?

27 The Impact of the Printing Press Invention of the Printing Press

28 The Impact of the Printing Press Invention of the Printing Press Standardization of books

29 The Impact of the Printing Press Invention of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books

30 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books

31 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

32 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

33 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

34 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

35 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

36 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

37 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

38 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

39 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Greater Readership Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

40 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Greater Readership Increased transmission of ideas Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

41 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Greater Readership Increased transmission of ideas Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

42 The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Greater Readership Standardization of national language Increased transmission of ideas Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

43 WHAT WAS THE CULTURAL IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS?

44 WHAT WAS THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS?

45 WHAT WAS THE POLITICAL IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS?

46 HOW DID IT CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPREAD OF MODERNITY?

47 Main Elements of Modernity 1)Secularism 2)Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason 3)Individuality 4)Democracy 5)Nationalism 6)Industrialization 7) Rapid technological change 8) Urbanization

48 Main Elements of Modernity 1)Secularism 2)Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason 3)Individuality 4)Democracy 5)Nationalism 6)Industrialization 7) Rapid technological change 8) Urbanization Did the Printing Press contribute to the emergence of any of these traits?

49 THE RELIGIOUS REFORMATIONS

50 The Protestant Reformation What was the Protestant Reformation?

51 The Protestant Reformation What was the Protestant Reformation? - Lutheranism

52 The Protestant Reformation What was the Protestant Reformation? - Lutheranism - Calvinism

53 The Protestant Reformation What was the Protestant Reformation? - Lutheranism - Calvinism - The English Reformation

54 The Protestant Reformation What was the Protestant Reformation? - Lutheranism - Calvinism - The English Reformation - The Radical Reformation

55 The Protestant Reformation What was the Protestant Reformation? - Lutheranism - Calvinism - The English Reformation - The Radical Reformation - The Catholic Counter-Reformation

56 The Protestant Reformation Who were the drivers of this historical event?

57 The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther (1483 - 1546) Germany Who were the drivers of this historical event?

58 The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther (1483 - 1546) Germany Who were the drivers of this historical event? Huldrych Zwingli (1484 - 1531) Switzerland

59 The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther (1483 - 1546) Germany Who were the drivers of this historical event? Huldrych Zwingli (1484 - 1531) Switzerland John Calvin (1509 - 1564) France & Switzerland

60 The Protestant Reformation Martin Luther (1483 - 1546) Germany Who was Martin Luther?

61 The Protestant Reformation Key Dates for Martin Luther: - 1483: Born - 1505: law student caught in thunderstorm - 1507: ordained as priest - 1510: arrival in Rome - 1517: Valla ’ s Donation of Constantine printed in Germany. - 1517: On October 31st, Luther posts the 95 theses against indulgences. - 1517: Within 2 weeks the theses spread throughout Germany - 1517: Within 2 months the theses spread throughout Europe - 1518: January the theses are translated from Latin into German. - 1517-1520: Luther wrote 30+ tracts, with more than 300,000 copies printed. - 1520: Pope Leo X demanded that Luther retract all his writings - 1521: Holy Roman Emperor Charles V demanded the same of Luther - In both cases, Luther refused - 1521: Pope excommunicates Luther & brands him an outlaw - 1524: German peasants rise up. - 1529: Group of German princes “ protest ” against calls to condemn Luther. - 1533: Henry VIII (UK) splits from Rome - 1546: Martin Luther dies - By the time of his death, councils with reformed church tendencies controlled 1) Wittenberg, 2) Nuremberg, 3) Strasbourg, 4) Zurich, 5) Berne, and 6) Basle.

62 What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?

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70 What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?

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74 What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church? 1)Suppress the reformers

75 What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church? 1)Suppress the reformers 2)Intimidate through art

76 What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church? 1)Suppress the reformers 2)Intimidate through art 3)Set up systems of social control

77 What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church? 1)SUPPRESS THE REFORMERS - 1520: The Pope Pressured Luther to recant his writings - 1521: The Pope Excommunicated Martin Luther

78 What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church? 2) INTIMIDATE THROUGH ART - 1520-1524: Vatican commissioned Donation of Constantine painting - 1535-1541: Michelangelo ’ s “ The Last Judgment ”

79 What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church? Donation of Constantine (1520-1524)

80 What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church? Michelangelo ’ s “ The Last Judgment ” (1535-1541)

81 What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church? 3) SET UP SYSTEMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL - 1540: Pope founds Society of Jesuits to “ strive especially for the propagation and defense of the faith and progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine ” - 1542: Pope established the Roman Inquisition to hunt down heretics & reformers - 1545: Pope convened the Council of Trent to rebut Protestantism - 1563: Issued Index of forbidden books

82 How far did Lutheranism spread?

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84 What factors Contributed to the Effectiveness of Luther’s Criticism?

85 What was the cultural impact of the Protestant Reformation?

86 What were the Social Consequences of the Protestant Reformation?

87 How did the Protestant Reformation Alter the Distribution of Power in European Society?

88 How did the Protestant Reformation Contribute to the Development of Modernity?

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