1. Matthias Grünewald, Isenheim Altarpiece, c. 1510-15 Isenheim Altarpiece with Prof. Z. Originally the altarpiece of a monastery dedicated to St. Anthony at Isenheim, which included a hospital. Sts. Anthony and Sebastian, celebrated for their healing powers, appear in the wings.

2. Grünewald vs. Raphael Deutsch (German) vs. Welsch (Italian)

3. Christ on the cross Grünewald Raphael

4. Christ crowned with thorns

5. Another gory detail

6. And another...

7. Albrecht Dürer, Adam and Eve, 1504 Grünewald, 1510-15

8. Albrecht Dürer, Adam and Eve, 1504 Dürer’s Adam and Eve is a printed picture of a type called an engraving. Engravings are made by cutting a design into a metal plate (usually copper) with a pointed steel tool known as a burin. After cutting the design, ink is rubbed into the grooves and wiped off the surface. The plate, covered by a damp sheet of paper, is then run through a printing press, and the image from the inked grooves is imprinted onto the paper in reverse. The process is then repeated up to several hundred times.

9. Dürer, Adam and Eve, 1504 Van Eyck, Adam and Eve, 1432

10. Michelangelo, David, 1501-04 Dürer, 1504

11. Ancient Roman statue of Venus Dürer

12. Detail of plaque with signature in Latin (“Albrecht Dürer of Nuremberg made this, 1504”)

13. Detail Dürer

14. Detail Dürer

15. Theory of the Four Temperaments Temperament: Sanguine Choleric Phlegmatic Melancholic Body Fluid: Blood Yellow Bile Phlegm Black Bile Temperature: Warm Hot Cool Cold Humidity: Damp Dry Damp Dry Season: Spring Summer Autumn Winter Time of Day: Dawn Day Evening Night Animal: Rabbit Cat Ox Elk

16. Dürer, The Four Apostles (John, Peter, Mark, Paul), 1523-26

17. St. Peter St. Mark St. Paul

18. Dürer’s Four ApostlesNanni di Banco’s Quattro Coronati

19. Dürer’s Four Apostles Christ and Apostles from Masaccio’s Tribute Money

20. Dürer’s Four Apostles

21. Grünewald’s Isenheim Altarpiece

22. Detail of text below St. Paul, from Martin Luther’s translation of the Bible

23. Jan Gossart, Neptune and Amphitrite, 1516 Gossart is also nicknamed “Mabuse” after his hometown in the southern Netherlands. He signed this painting across the bottom in a Latin inscription that reads, IOANNES MALBODIVS PINGEBAT 1516 (“Jan of Mabuse Painted [this in] 1516”).

24. Dürer, Adam and Eve, 1504 Gossart, Neptune and Amphitrite, 1516

25. Classical statues Gossart, Neptune and Amphitrite

27. Details

28. Pieter Bruegel, Return of the Hunters (“Winter Landscape”), c. 1568

29. Bruegel, Return of the Hunters (“Winter Landscape”)

30. Bruegel, Return of the Hunters (“Winter Landscape”)

31. Bruegel, Return of the Hunters (“Winter Landscape”) Michelangelo’s disparaging opinion of Flemish art: “They paint in Flanders only to deceive the eye.... Their painting is of... the grass of the fields, the shadows of trees, and bridges and rivers, which they call landscapes, and little figures here and there. And all this, though it may appear good to some eyes, is in truth done without reason or art, without symmetry or proportions, without care in selecting and rejecting from nature.... Only works which are done in Italy can be called true painting.”

32. Bruegel, c. 1568 vs. Michelangelo, c. 1510

33. Bruegel, Peasant Wedding Feast, c. 1568

34. Bruegel, Peasant Wedding Feast: miscellaneous details

35. Bruegel, c. 1568 vs. Leonardo, 1495-98