1. Biochemistry An Introduction to the Chemistry of Life for Biology Students

2. What is Life Made of?  Everything is made up of atoms.  Living things are made up of cells.  Cells are made up of atoms.

3. Atoms  Six different elements (atoms) make up 98% of all living things:  Hydrogen  Oxygen  Carbon  Nitrogen  Phosphorous  Calcium

5. Molecules  Definition: A molecule is two or more atoms combined. H2OH2O CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2

6. Organic Chemistry  What makes Carbon Special?  Carbon atoms can bond together to form long chains and complex rings.

7. Carbon can form immensely diverse compounds, from simple to complex. Methane with 1 Carbon atom DNA with tens of Billions of Carbon atoms Simple Molecule Complex Molecule

8. Biomolecules 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids 4 main molecules involved in life

9. Polymers and Monomers  Biomolecules are macromolecules.  Macromolecules are Polymers made up of Monomers.

10. Monomers MacromoleculeCarbohydratesLipidsProteins Nucleic acids Monomer Monosaccharide (sugar) Hydrocarbon chains Amino acids Nucleotides

11. Carbohydrates  Made of: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms  Job: provide living things with energy  Examples: sugars and starches (corn, rice, potato, bread)

12. Lipids  Made of: long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms (with some oxygen).  Job: store energy, repel water  Examples: fats and oils (butter, cheese, oil)

13. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat 

14. Proteins  Made of: Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and other atoms Hydrogen, and other atoms  Job: Many different jobs in our bodies (digestion, growing new cells, muscles)  Examples: enzymes, muscles, hair

15. Check your comprehension…  With your seat partner: 1. Without looking at your notes, name 3 different foods that contain each of the 3 biomolecules we’ve discussed so far? 2. Why do you think it is important for our bodies to get a balanced diet of all of these foods?

16. Nucleic Acids  Made of: Phosphorous, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen atoms  Job: Store genetic information  Examples: DNA, RNA

17. Review Questions  1. What are the 4 macromolecules most common in living organisms?  2. Which macromolecule includes starches and sugars?  3. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?  4. What are 3 things our body uses proteins for?  5. Which type of nucleic acid uses deoxyribose sugar?