1. Humoral immune response

2. Type of adaptive immune response mediated by antibodies that neutralize and eliminate extracellular pathogens and their toxins Cell mediators of humoral immunity are B lymphocites

3. Functions of antibodies

5. Humoral immune response Thymus-dependant (T-dependant) Thymus-independant (T-independant)

7. Cells that respond to thymus-dependent antigens Spleen, other lymphoid organs

8. Functional consequences of B-cell activation

9. Phases of humoral immune response

10. Interaction of helper T- cells and B-cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues

11. Antigen recognition and presentation by B-cells

12. Interaction of helper T- cells and B-cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues

13. T- and B-cell cooperation

15. Antibody affinity maturation Process of increasing the affinity of the antibody in prolong or repeated exposure to the same antigen It takes place in germinative centers of lymphoid follicules Underlying mechanism is: –somatic mutation of gene for variable region of Ig in proliferating B-cells and selection of B-cells with high-affinity receptor for that antigen

16. Activated B go to germinative center Intensive proliferation Hypermutation of Ig V genes

17. Somatic hypermutations of Ig V genes

18. Activated B go to germinative center Intensive proliferation Hypermutation of Ig V genes B recognizing Ag on FDC survive Somatic mutation B not recognizing Ag on FDC die by apoptosis High-affinity plasma and memory cells leave germinative center Selection

19. Regulation of humoral immune response Process where Ab bound to Ag inhibits further Ab production Purpose: humoral immune response termination upon sufficient IgG production Antibody feed-back regulation

20. Mechanism of feed back regulation by Abs

21. Antibody feed-back regulation In therapy of some autoimmune inflammatory diseases IgG of numerous donors (IVIG) - engage inhibitory FcR on B-cells and inhibit pathological immune response Clinical application

22. Primary and secondary humoral immune response First exposure to the antigen Repeated exposure to the antigen Primary response Secondary response Amounth of antibody

24. IgM Humoral immune response to thymus-independent antigens Encapsulated bacteria B-cell

25. Cells that respond to thymus-independent antigens Spleen

26. extarcellular microorganisms and their toxinsj.Phenomenon of inhibition of antibody production by antibody bound to antigen is 10. follicular B-cells i.Secondary humoral immune response, compared to primary, is 9. antibody feed-back regulationh.Features of humoral immune response to thymus-dependent antigens are 8. thymus-independentg.Humoral immune response to protein antigens necessary is the participation of 7. antibodiesf.Cells that respond to proteins are6. isotype switch, affinity matturation and memory B-cell development e.In response to thymus-independent antigens mostly is produced 5. CD4 + T-cellsd.Cells that respond to polysaccharides in blood are 4. quantitatively and qualitatively different (faster, stronger and more efficient) c.Humoral immune response to non- protein antigens is 3. B-cells of marginal zone in spleenb.Humoral immune response is important in defense aginst 2. IgMa.Adaptive humoral immune response is mediated by 1. 10.___9.____8.___7.___6.____5.____4.____3.____2.____1.____ fjgbaidech