1. LO: To understand the introduction of, activities of and reactions to the Major-Generals

3. Reasons for introduction of the Major-Generals Why the introduction of a new system of government? Why a military focus? Role of Lambert? Aims of the Major-Generals What did they set out to do? Did they actually do this? Reaction to the Major-Generals How were they viewed at the time? Issues to do with government, finance and religion Our views on the legacy of the Major-Generals What do we think about the Major-generals aims and activities?

4. Our views on the legacy of the Major-Generals What do we think about the Major-generals aims and activities? The Major-Generals as Godly Dictators The Major-Generals as reformers The Major-Generals as central government interference in the localities

5. Note Headings on ‘King Oliver’

6. From your note headings work out what these statements mean: 1.CS = for 2.MD of the & RB highlighted by also made the P a worry 3.MS attempt to inate C meant a new plan needed! 4.On 23 rd Feb 1 6 _ _ the HP & A was presented to P 5.C rejected the especially as the A opposed it 6.Outcome = few s______. E.g. L resigned and e ed 7.On _rd Sept. C

7. From your note headings work out what these statements mean: 1.Charles Stuart was a worry for Parliament 2.The Military Dictatorship of the Major Generals and the religious beliefs highlighted by Nayler’s case also made the protectorate a worry 3.Miles Sindercombe attempted to assassinate Cromwell meant a new plan was needed 4.On 23 rd Feb 1657 the Humble Petition and Advice was presented to parliament 5.Cromwell rejected the crown especially as the army was opposed to it 6.The outcome was few were satisfied. E.g. Lambert resigned and Parliament was dissolved following return of republican MPs etc 7.On 3 rd Sept 1658 Cromwell died succeeded by Richard Cromwell

8. Now read the Farr p. 150-151 photocopy Discussion points: 1.What were the advantages and disadvantages for Cromwell of accepting the crown? 2.Why did Cromwell reject the Crown? 3.What opposition was there to Cromwell’s acceptance of the Humble Petition and Advice?

9. Essay Question: Due this time next week ‘A military dictator.’ Assess the validity of this description of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector. [25 marks]

10. Essay Question: Due this time next week ‘A military dictator.’ Assess the validity of this description of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector. [25 marks] Red = the scope of the question (Dec. 1653 became Lord Protector – Sept. 1658 died) look at the timeline on p. 140 Green = what you must directly answer and show your judgement about Blue = one side of the argument – what does it mean? what is the other side? Make sure you include balance in your answer. Dictatorship, form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations. Military dictatorships are ruled by the highest ranking officers of the nation's military. The head of state is the senior military commander or general. Lower- ranking generals form the governing board. In a military dictatorship, political parties and non-government political bodies are either non-existent or extremely weak.

11. Generic Mark scheme L5 21 - 25 Answers will display a very good understanding of the full demands of the question. They will be well- organised and effectively delivered. The supporting information will be well-selected, specific and precise. It will show a very good understanding of key features, issues and concepts. The answer will be fully analytical with a balanced argument and well substantiated judgement. L4 16 - 20 Answers will display a good understanding of the demands of the question. It will be well-organised and effectively communicated. There will be a range of clear and specific supporting information showing a good understanding of key features and issues, together with some conceptual awareness. The answer will be analytical in style with a range of direct comment relating to the question. The answer will be well- balanced with some judgement, which may, however, be only partially substantiated. L3 11 - 15 Answers will show an understanding of the question and will supply a range of largely accurate information which will show an awareness of some of the key issues and features, but may, however, be unspecific or lack precision of detail. The answer will be effectively organised and show adequate communication skills. There will be a good deal of comment in relation to the question and the answer will display some balance, but a number of statements may be inadequately supported and generalist. L2 6 - 10 The answer is descriptive or partial, showing some awareness of the question but a failure to grasp its full demands. There will be some attempt to convey material in an organised way although communication skills may be limited. There will be some appropriate information showing understanding of some key features and/or issues, but the answer may be very limited in scope and/or contain inaccuracy and irrelevance. There will be some, but limited, comment in relation to the question and statements will, for the most part, be unsupported and generalist. L1 1 - 5 The question has not been properly understood and the response shows limited organisational and communication skills. The information conveyed is irrelevant or extremely limited. There may be some unsupported, vague or generalist comment.

12. Generic Mark scheme L5 21 - 25 Answers will display a very good understanding of the full demands of the question. They will be well- organised and effectively delivered. The supporting information will be well-selected, specific and precise. It will show a very good understanding of key features, issues and concepts. The answer will be fully analytical with a balanced argument and well substantiated judgement. L4 16 - 20 Answers will display a good understanding of the demands of the question. It will be well-organised and effectively communicated. There will be a range of clear and specific supporting information showing a good understanding of key features and issues, together with some conceptual awareness. The answer will be analytical in style with a range of direct comment relating to the question. The answer will be well- balanced with some judgement, which may, however, be only partially substantiated. L3 11 - 15 Answers will show an understanding of the question and will supply a range of largely accurate information which will show an awareness of some of the key issues and features, but may, however, be unspecific or lack precision of detail. The answer will be effectively organised and show adequate communication skills. There will be a good deal of comment in relation to the question and the answer will display some balance, but a number of statements may be inadequately supported and generalist. L2 6 - 10 The answer is descriptive or partial, showing some awareness of the question but a failure to grasp its full demands. There will be some attempt to convey material in an organised way although communication skills may be limited. There will be some appropriate information showing understanding of some key features and/or issues, but the answer may be very limited in scope and/or contain inaccuracy and irrelevance. There will be some, but limited, comment in relation to the question and statements will, for the most part, be unsupported and generalist. L1 1 - 5 The question has not been properly understood and the response shows limited organisational and communication skills. The information conveyed is irrelevant or extremely limited. There may be some unsupported, vague or generalist comment.

13. Content to include: Task Turn these statements into supported arguments think PEE (these are your points, what evidence is there and how will you explain them as part of your argument?) 1.Cromwell was reliant upon the New Model Army 2.Lambert’s Instrument of Government established the Protectorate 3.The Instrument of Government limited Cromwell’s powers as Lord Protector 4.Cromwell’s refusal of the offer of the Crown 5.Cromwell attempted to rule with Parliament 6.There was opposition in the army to Cromwell 7.There were limits to Cromwell’s power 8.The implementation of the Major-Generals 9.Cromwell’s views about his own role 10.Cromwell had a negative relationship with his Protectorate Parliaments

14. Military Dictator? YES – description is validNo – description is not valid 1.Cromwell was reliant upon the New Model Army 2.Lambert’s Instrument of Government established the Protectorate 3.The Instrument of Government limited Cromwell’s powers as Lord Protector 4.Cromwell’s refusal of the offer of the Crown 5.Cromwell attempted to rule with Parliament 6.There was opposition in the army to Cromwell 7.There were limits to Cromwell’s power 8.The implementation of the Major-Generals 9.Cromwell’s views about his own role 10.Cromwell had a negative relationship with his Protectorate Parliaments

15. Further points to consider How did Cromwell’s approach change over time during the Protectorate? Was there a difference between Cromwell’s intentions and his actions? The duality of Cromwell’s aims